The American Indian as Participant in the Civil War

By Annie Heloise Abel, Ph.D.

Professor of History, Smith College

1919

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SOURCES.

ABEL, ANNIE HELOISE, editor. The official correspondence of James S.
Calhoun (Washington, D.C., 1915).

AMERICAN ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA, 1861-1865 (New York).

BISHOP, ALBERT WEBB. Loyalty on the frontier, or sketches of union men
of the southwest (St. Louis, 1863).

CENTRAL SUPERINTENDENCY RECORDS. The Central Superintendency,
embracing much of the territory included in the old St. Louis
Superintendency, was established in 1851 under an act of congress,
approved February 27 of that year.[977] Its headquarters were at St.
Louis from the date of its founding to 1859,[978] at St. Joseph
from that time to July, 1865,[979] at Atchison, from July, 1865 to
1869,[980] and at Lawrence, from 1869 to 1878.

In February of 1878, J.H. Hammond, who was then in charge of the
superintendency, reported upon its records to the Commissioner of
Indian Affairs.[981] He spoke of the existence of "eight cases
containing _Books, Records, Papers_," and he enclosed with
his report schedules of the contents of certain boxes labelled
A,B,C,D,E,F,H,L. Of Box A, the schedule appertaining gave this
information: "Old Records, Files, Memoranda, etc., Miscellaneous
Papers accumulated prior to 1869, when Enoch Hoag became
Sup'tCent.Sup'tcy." More particularly, Box A contained "One Bundle Old
Treaties of various years, three (bundles) of Agency Accounts," and,
for the period of 1830-1833, it contained "One Bundle Ancient Maps,"
and one of "Old Bills and Papers."

The collection as a whole, undoubtedly sent into the United States
Indian Office as Hammond reported upon it, has long since been
irretrievably broken up and its parts distributed. Knowing this the

[Footnote 977: 9 _United States Statutes at Large_, p. 586, sec.
2; Indian Office _Letter Book_, no. 44, p. 259.]

[Footnote 978: Greenwood to Robinson, November 21, 1859, Ibid.,
no. 62, p. 272.]

[Footnote 979: Dole to Murphy, June 23, 1865, Ibid., no. 77, p.
341.]

[Footnote 980: Parker to Hoag, May 26, 1869, Ibid., no. 90, p.
202.]

[Footnote 981: Dr. William Nicholson, who succeeded Enoch Hoag as
superintendent, was ordered to deliver the records to Hammond [Hoyt
to Nicholson, telegram, January 15, 1878, Office of Indian Affairs,
_Correspondence of the Civilization Division_]. Hammond forwarded
the records to Washington, D.C., February 11, 1878.]

investigator is fain to deplore the advent of "efficiency" methods
into the government service. Such efficiency, when interpreted by the
ordinary clerk, has ever meant confusion where once was order and a
dislocation that can never be made good. From the break-up, in the
instance under consideration, the following books have been recovered:

Letter Book, July 25, 1853 to May 10, 1861.
" November 1, 1859 to February 5, 1863.
" February, 1863.
" "Letters to Commissioner of Indian Affairs," May 23, 1855
to October 31, 1859.
" "Letters to Commissioner," "Records," February 14, 1863
to June 6, 1868.
" "District of Nebraska, Letters to Commissioner," June 6,
1868 to April 10, 1871.
" April 12, 1871 to February 21, 1874.
" "Letters to Commissioner," February 21, 1874 to October
22, 1875.
" "Letters to Commissioner," October 25, 1875 to January
31, 1876.
" "Letters to Agents," October 4, 1858 to December 12, 1867.
" "Letters Sent to Agents, District of Nebraska," December
12, 1867 to August 22, 1871.

Account Book of Central Superintendency, being Abstract of
Disbursements, 1853 to 1865.

CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA. "Jefferson Davis Papers."

These papers, miscellaneous in character and now located in the
Archives Division of the Adjutant General's Office of the United
States War Department, seem to have belonged personally to President
Davis or to have been retained by him. Among them is Albert Pike's
Report of the Indian negotiations conducted by him in 1861.

---- Journal of the Congress, 1861-1865.

United States Senate _Executive Documents_, 58th congress, second
session, no. 234.

Private Laws of the Confederate States of America, First Congress
(Richmond, 1862).

Private Laws of the Confederate States of America, Second Congress
(Richmond, 1864).

Provisional and Permanent Constitutions of the Confederate States and
Acts and Resolutions of the First Session of the Provisional Congress
(Richmond, 1861).

Public Laws of the Confederate States of America, 1863-1864 (Richmond,
1864).

Statutes at Large of the Confederate States of America, First
Congress, edited by J.M. Matthews (Richmond, 1862).

Statutes at Large of the Provisional Government of the Confederate
States of America from February 8, 1861 to February 18, 1862, together
with the Constitution for the Provisional Government and the Permanent
Constitution of the Confederate States, and the

Treaties Concluded by the Confederate States with the Indian Tribes,
edited by J.M. Matthews (Richmond, 1864).

Statutes at Large of the Confederate States, commencing First Session
of the First Congress and including First Session of the Second
Congress, edited by J.M. Matthews (Richmond, 1864).

Statutes at Large of the Confederate States of America, Second
Congress (Richmond, 1864).

CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA. Papers of the Adjutant and Inspector
General's Office.

Special Orders (Richmond, 1862).

General Orders, January, 1862 to December, 1863 (Columbia, 1863).

General Orders for 1863 (Richmond, 1864).

Special Orders (Richmond, 1864).

General Orders, January 1, to June 30, 1864, compiled by R.C.
Gilchrist (Columbia, 1864).

---- "Pickett Papers."

State papers of the Southern Confederacy now lodged in the Library
of Congress. Had Pike continued to prosecute his mission under the
auspices of the State Department, these papers would undoubtedly have
contained much of value for the present work, but as it is they yield
only an occasional document and that of very incidental importance.
The papers used were found in packages 81, 86, 88, 93, 95, 106, 107,
109, 113, 118. The "Pickett Papers" were originally in the hands of
Secretary Benjamin. After coming into the possession of the United
States government, they were at first confided to the care of the
Treasury Department and were handed over later, by direction of the
president, to the Library of Congress. The fact of their being in the
charge of the Treasury Department explains the circumstance of its
possession of the original treaty made by Pike with the Comanches, and
the fact that that manuscript turned up long after the main body of
"Pickett Papers" had been transferred to the Congressional Library
suggests the possibility that detached Confederate records may yet
repose in the recesses of the Treasury archives. Between the dates of
their consignment and their transfer, they must have become to some
degree disintegrated. The War Department borrowed some of the Pickett
Papers for inclusion in the _Official Records of the War of the
Rebellion_.

---- Records, or Archives.

Among these, which are to-day in the War Department in charge of the
Chief Clerk of the Adjutant-general's Office, are the following:

Chap. 2, no. 258, Letter Book, Brig. Gen. D.H. Cooper, C.S.A., Ex
officio Indian Agent, etc., May 10-27, 1865 (File Mark, W. 236).

It is a mere fragment. Its wrapper bears the following endorsement:
War Department, Archive Office, Chap. 2, No. 258.

Chap. 2, no. 270, Letter Book, Col. and Brig. Gen. Win. Steele's
command.

The contents are,

a. A few letters dealing with Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico, March to
July, 1862, pp. 7-22. These letters emanated from the

authority of William Steele, Colonel of the Seventh Regiment of Texas
Mounted Volunteers.

b. Letters dealing with matters in the Department of Indian Territory,
January 8, 1863 to May 18, 1863, pp. 27-254. Pages 1-6, 23-26, and 47
and 48 are missing.

The list of the whole, as given, is,

Letters Sent--Col. and Brig. Gen. Wm. Steele's command--Mch. 7, 1862
to May 18, 1863, viz.,

1. 7th Regt Texas M. Vols. Mch. 7 to June 20/62

2. Dept. New Mexico, June 24/62

3. Forces of Arizona, July 12, 1862.

4. Dept of Indian Territory, Jan. 8-12, 1863

5. 1st Div. 1st. Corps Trans-Miss. Dept., Jan. 13-20, 1863.

6. Dept. of Indian Territory, Jan. 21 to May 18, 1863.

Chap. 2, no. 268, Letters Sent, Department of Indian Territory, from
May 19, 1863 to September 27, 1863.

This is another William Steele letter book, but is not quite complete.
In point of time covered, it succeeds no. 270 and is itself succeeded
by no. 267.

Chap. 2, no. 267, Letters Sent, September 28, 1863 to June 17, 1864.

Pages 3 to 6, inclusive, are missing and there are no letters after
page 119.

Chap. 2, no. 259, Inspector General's Letters and Reports, from April
23, 1864, to May 15, 1865.

The cover has this as title: Letter Book A: Insp't Gen'l's
Office--Dis't of Indian Ter'y From April 23rd, 1864 to May 15, 1865.
On the inside of the front cover, appears this in pencil: "Received
from Gen'l M.J. Wright, Oct. 16/79." Some pages at the beginning of
the book have been cut out. Between pages 145 and 196, are reports,
variously signed, some by E.E. Portlock, some by N.W. Battle, and some
by James Patteson.

Chap. 2, no. 260, District of the Indian Territory, Inspector
General's Letter Book, April 23, 1864 to January 7, 1865.

"Received from Gen'l M.J. Wright, Oct. 16/79." From a comparison of
nos. 259 and 260, it is seen that no. 259 is a rough letter and report
book and that no. 260 is a finished product. The 1864 material in no.
259 is duplicated by that in no. 260.

Chap. 7, no. 36. Indian Treaties.

Chap. 7, no. 48. Regulations adopted by the War Department, on the
15th of April 1862, for carrying into effect the Acts of Congress of
the Confederate States, Relating to Indian Affairs, etc. (Richmond,
1862).

On page 1, is to be found, "Regulations for Carrying into effect, the
Act of Congress of the Confederate States, approved May 21, 1861,
entitled An Act for the protection of certain Indian Tribes, and of
other Acts relating to Indian Affairs."

FORT SMITH PAPERS. See Abel, _The American Indian as Slaveholder and
Secessionist_, p. 361.

GREELEY, HORACE. The American conflict (Hartford, 1864-1867), 2 vols.

INDIAN BRIGADE, Inspection Reports of, for 1864 and 1865. These were
loaned for perusal by Luke F. Parsons, who was brigade inspector under
Colonel William A. Phillips.

KAPPLER, CHARLES J., compiler and editor. Indian Affairs: Laws and
Treaties. United States Senate Documents, 58th congress, second
session, no. 319, 2 vols. Supplementary volume, United States Senate
Documents, 62nd congress, second session, no. 719.

LEEPER PAPERS. See Abel, _The American Indian as Slaveholder and
Secessionist_, pp. 360, 362.

LINCOLN, ABRAHAM. Complete Works, edited by John G. Nicolay and John
Hay (New York, 1890), 10 vols.

MCPHERSON, EDWARD. Political History of the United States of America
during the Great Rebellion (Washington, D.C., 1864).

MISSIONARY HERALD, containing the proceeding of the American Board for
Foreign Missions (Boston), vols. 56, 57, 60.

MOORE, FRANK, editor. Rebellion Record: Diary of American Events (New
York, 1868), 11 vols. and a supplementary volume for 1861-1864.

PHILLIPS, WILLIAM ADDISON. Conquest of Kansas by Missouri and her
allies (Boston, 1856).

"PIKE PAPERS." On subjects other than Indian, extant manuscripts
written and received by Albert Pike are exceedingly numerous. One
collection of his personal papers is in the possession of Mr. Fred
Allsopp of Little Rock; but the largest proportion of those of more
general interest, as also of more special, is in the Scottish Rite
Temple, Washington, D.C., under the care of Mr. W.L. Boyden. Three
things only deserve particular mention; viz.,

a. Autobiography of General Albert Pike. A bound typewritten
manuscript, "from stenographic notes, furnished by himself."

b. Confederate States, a/c's with. These papers are in a small
file-box and are chiefly receipts from John Crawford, Matthew Leefer,
Douglas H. Cooper, John Jumper, and

others for money advanced to them and vouchers for purchases made by
Pike. There are three personal letters in the box: D.H. Cooper to
Pike, July 28, 1873; William Quesenbury to Pike, August 10, 1873;
William Quesenbury to Pike, August 11, 1873. All three letters have
to do with a certain $5000 seemingly unaccounted for, a subject in
controversy between Pike and Cooper, reflecting upon the latter's
integrity. One of the papers is an itemized account of the money Pike
expended for the Indians, money "placed in his hands to be disbursed
among the Indian Tribes under Treaty stipulations in January, A.D.
1862." It contains an enclosure, the receipt signed by Edward Cross,
depositary, showing that Pike restored to the Confederate Treasury the
unexpended balance, $19,263 10/100 specie, $49,980 55/100, treasury
notes. The receipt is dated Little Rock, March 13, 1863.

c. Choctaw Case. Two packages of papers come under this heading. One
is of manuscript matter mainly, the other of printed matter solely.
In the latter is the _Memorial of P.P. Pitchlynn_, House
Miscellaneous Documents, no. 89, 43d congress, first session, and on
it Pike has inscribed, "Written by me, Albert Pike."

RICHARDSON, JAMES D., editor. Compilation of the messages and
papers of the Confederacy, including the diplomatic correspondence
(Nashville, 1905), 2 vols.

---- Compilation of the messages and papers of the presidents,
1789-1897 (Washington, 1896-1899), 10 vols.

United States of America. Commissioner of Indian Affairs,
_Reports_, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865.

---- Congressional Globe, 37th and 38th congresses, 1861-1865.

---- Department of the Interior, Files.

The files run in two distinct series. One series has its material
arranged in boxes, the other, in bundles. The former comprises letters
from the Commissioner of Indian Affairs only, and has been examined to
the extent here given,

No. 9, January 1, 1861 to December 1, 1861.
" 10, December 1, 1861 to November 1, 1862.
" 11, November 1, 1862 to July 1, 1863.
" 12, July 1, 1863 to June 15, 1864.
" 13, June 15, 1864 to April 1, 1865.

The latter were difficult of discovery. After an exhausting search,
however, they were located on a top-most shelf, under the roof, in
the file-room off from the gallery in the Patent Office building.
The bundles are small and each is bandaged as were the Indian Office
files, originally. The bandage, or wrapper, is labelled according to
the contents. For example, one bundle is labelled, "No. 1, 1849-1864,
War;" another, "No. 24, 1852-1868, Exec." In the first are letters
from the War Department, in the second, from the White House. Some of
the letters are from a

given department by reference only. A great number of the bundles have
nothing but a number to distinguish them,

No. 53, January to June, 1865.
" 54, July to August, 1865.
" 55, September to December, 1865.
" 56, January to December, 1866.

United States of America. Department of the Interior, Letter Books,
"Records of Letters Sent."

No. 3, July 22, 1857 to January 3, 1862.
" 4, January 3, 1862 to June 30, 1864.
" 5. July 1, 1864 to December 12, 1865.
" 6, December 14, 1865 to September 22, 1865.

---- Department of the Interior, Letter Press Books, "Letters, Indian
Affairs."

No. 3, August 20, 1858 to March 5, 1862.
" 4, March 5, 1862 to July 1, 1863.
" 5. July 1, 1863 to June 22, 1864.
" 6, June 22, 1864 to April 11, 1865.

Department of the Interior, Register Books, "Register of Letters
Received," Corresponding to the two series of files, are two series
of registers. One series is a register of letters received from the
Indian Office and each volume is labelled "Commissioner of Indian
Affairs." The particular volume used for the present work covers the
period from December 5, 1860 to January 6, 1866. It will be found
cited as "D," that being a designation given to it by Mr. Rapp, the
person at present in charge of the records. The second series is a
register of letters received from persons other than the Commissioner
of Indian Affairs. Each volume is labelled, "Indians."

"Indians," No. 3, January 8, 1856 to October 27, 1861.
'' 4, January 2, 1862 to December 27, 1865.

---- Office of Indian Affairs, Consolidated Files. During the last few
years and since the time when most of this investigation was made, the
various files of the Indian Office have been consolidated and, in many
cases, hopelessly muddled. It has been thought best to refer in the
text, wherever possible, to the old separate files, inasmuch as all
letter books and registers were kept with the separate filing in view.

---- Office of Indian Affairs,

General Files.

Central Superintendency, boxes 1860-1862, 1863-1868; Southern
Superintendency, boxes 1859-1862, 1863-1864, 1865, 1866; Cherokee,
1859-1865, 1865-1867, 1867-1869, 1869-1870; Chickasaw, 1854-1868;
Choctaw, 1859-1866; Creek, 1860-1869; Delaware, 1855-1861, 1862-1866;
Kansas, 1855-1862, 1863-1868; Kickapoo, 1855-1865; Kiowa, 1864-1868;
Miscellaneous, 1858-1863, 1864-1867, 1868-1869; Osage River,
1855-1862, 1863-1867;

Otoe, 1856-1862, 1863-1869; Ottawa, 1863-1872; Pottawatomie,
1855-1861, 1862-1865; Sac and Fox, 1862-1866; Seminole, 1858-1869;
Wichita, 1860-1861, 1862-1871.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Office of Indian Affairs, Irregularly-Shaped
Papers.

This was a collection made for the convenience of the Indian Office.

The name itself is a sufficient explanation.

---- Office of Indian Affairs, John Ross Papers.

These were evidently part of the evidence furnished at the Fort Smith
Council, 1865.

---- Office of Indian Affairs, Land Files.

Central Superintendency, box 10, 1852-1869; Southern Superintendency,
1855-1870; Cherokee, box 21, 1850-1869; Choctaw, box 38, 1846-1873;
Creek, box 45, 1846-1873; Dead Letters, box 51; Freedmen in Indian
Territory, 2 boxes; Indian Talks, Councils, &c., box 3, 1856-1864, box
4, 1865-1866; Kansas, box 80, 1863-1865; Kickapoo, box 86, 1857-1868;
Miscellaneous, box 103, 1860-1870; Neosho, box 117, 1833-1865; New
York, box 130, 1860-1874; Osage, box 143, 1831-1873; Osage River, box
146, 1860-1866; Shawnee, box 190, 1860-1865; Special Cases, box 111,
"Invasion of Indian Territory by White Settlers;" Treaties, box 2,
1853-1863, box 3, 1864-1866.

---- Office of Indian Affairs, Special Files.

No. 87, "Claims of Loyal Seminoles."
" 106, "Claims of Delawares for Depredations, 1863."
" 134, "Claims of Choctaws and Chickasaws."
" 142, " " " " "
" 201, "Southern Refugees."
" 284, "Claims of Creeks."

Kansas, box 78, 1860-1861, box 79, 1862; Otoe, box 153, 1856-1876;
Ottawa, box 155, 1863-1873; Pawnee, box 156, 1859-1877; Pottawatomie,
box 163, 1855-1865; Sac and Fox, box 177, 1860-1864, box 178,
1865-1868; Shawnee Deeds and Papers, box 195; Subsistence Indian
Prisoners, one box; Wyandott, box 242, 1836-1863, and many other
file boxes, with dates of the period under investigation, have been
examined but have yielded practically nothing of interest for the
subject.

Special Cases are quite distinct from Special Files. There are in all
two hundred three of the former and three hundred three of the latter.
There is in the Indian Office a small manuscript index to the Special
Cases and a folio index to the Special Files.

---- Office of Indian Affairs. Letter Books (letters sent). See Abel,
_The American Indian as Slaveholder and Secessionist_, pp.
363-364.

---- Office of Indian Affairs. Letters Registered (abstract of letters
received), ibid., p. 364.

---- Office of Indian Affairs, Miscellaneous Records, vol. viii,
April, 1852 to July, 1861; vol. ix, July, 1861 to January 22, 1887.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Office of Indian Affairs. Parker Letter
Book. Letters to E.S. Parker, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and
others, 1869 to 1870.

---- Office of Indian Affairs. _Report Books_, Reports of the
Commissioner of Indian Affairs to the Secretary of the Interior. See
Abel, _The American Indian as Slaveholder and Secessionist_, p.
365.

UNITED STATES SENATE, Report of the Committee on the Conduct of the
War, 37th congress, third session, no. 108 (1863), 3 vols.; 38th
congress, second session, no. 142 (1865), 3 vols. and Supplemental
Report (1866), 2 vols.

---- Committee Reports, no. 278, 36th congress, first session, being
testimony before a Select Committee of the Senate, appointed to
inquire into the Harper's Ferry affair.

---- WAR DEPARTMENT.

Aside from the _Confederate Records_, which are not regular War
Department files, papers have been examined there for the Civil War
period, although not by any means exhaustively. Enough were examined,
however, to show reason for disparaging somewhat the work of the
editors of the _Official Records_. Apparently, the editors, half
of them northern sympathizers and half of them southern, proceeded
upon a principle of selection that necessitated exchanging courtesies
of omission.

WAR OF THE REBELLION. Compilation of the official records of the Union
and Confederate armies (Washington), 129 serial volumes and an index
volume.

The volumes used extensively in the present work were, _first
series_, volumes iii, viii, xiii, xxii, parts 1 and 2, xxvi, part
2, xxxiv, parts 1, 2, 3, and 4, xli, parts 1, 2, 3, and 4, xlviii,
parts 1 and 2, liii, supplement; _fourth series_, volume iii.

II. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF AUTHORITIES

ABEL, ANNIE HELOISE. American Indian as slaveholder and secessionist
(Cleveland, 1915).

---- History of events resulting in Indian consolidation west of the
Mississippi.

American Historical Association _Report_, 1906, 233-450.

---- Indian reservations in Kansas and the extinguishment of their
titles.

Kansas Historical Society _Collections_, vol. viii, 72-109.

ANDERSON, MRS. MABEL WASHBOURNE. Life of General Stand Watie (Pryor,
Oklahoma, 1915), pamphlet.

BADEAU, ADAM. Military history of U.S. Grant (New York, 1868), 3 vols.

BARTLES, WILLIAM LEWIS. Massacre of Confederates by Osage Indians in
1863.

Kansas Historical Society _Collections_, vol. iii, 62-66.

Biographical Congressional Directory, 1774-1903.

House Documents, 57th congress, second session, no. 458 (Washington,
D.C., 1903).

BLACKMAR, FRANK W. Life of Charles Robinson (Topeka, 1902).

BLAINE, JAMES G. Twenty years of Congress, 1860-1880 (Norwich,
Connecticut, 1884-1886), 2 vols.

BOGGS, GENERAL WILLIAM ROBERTSON, C.S.A. Military reminiscences
(Durham, North Carolina, 1913).

BORLAND, WILLIAM P. General Jo. O. Shelby.

Missouri _Historical Review_, vol. vii, 10-19.

BOUTWELL, GEORGE SEWALL. Reminiscences of sixty years in public
affairs (New York, 1902), 2 vols.

BOYDEN, WILLIAM L. The character of Albert Pike as gleaned from his
correspondence.

_New Age Magazine_, March 1915, pp. 108-111.

BRADFORD, GAMALIEL. Confederate portraits.

"Judah P. Benjamin," _Atlantic Monthly_, June, 1913; "Alexander
H. Stephens," Ibid., July, 1913; "Robert Toombs," Ibid.,
August, 1913.

BRITTON, WILEY. Memoirs of the rebellion on the border, 1863 (Chicago,
1882).

---- The Civil War on the border (New York, 1899), 2 vols.

BROTHERHEAD, WILLIAM. General Fremont and the injustice done him.

Yale University Library of American Pamphlets, vol. 22.

CAPERS, HENRY D. The life and times of C.G. Memminger (Richmond,
1893).

CARR, LUCIEN. Missouri: a bone of contention, American Commonwealth
series (Boston, 1896).

CHADWICK, ADMIRAL FRENCH ENSOR. Causes of the Civil War, American
Nation series (New York, 1907), vol. xix.

CLAYTON, POWELL. The aftermath of the Civil War in Arkansas (New York,
1915).

CONNELLEY, WILLIAM E. James Henry Lane: the grim chieftain of Kansas
(Topeka, 1899).

---- Quantrill and the border wars (Cedar Rapids, 1910).

CORDLEY, RICHARD. Pioneer days in Kansas (Boston, 1903).

COX, JACOB DOLSON. Military reminiscences of the Civil War (New York,
1900), 2 vols.

CRAWFORD, SAMUEL J. Kansas in the sixties (Chicago, 1911).

CURRY, J.L.M. Civil history of the government of the Confederate
States with some personal reminiscences (Richmond, 1901).

DANA, C.A. Recollections of the Civil War (New York, 1898).

DAVIS, JEFFERSON. Rise and fall of the Confederate government (New
York, 1881), 2 vols.

DAVIS, JOHN P. Union Pacific Railway (Chicago, 1894).

DAWSON, CAPTAIN F.W. Reminiscences of Confederate service, 1861-1865
(Charleston, 1882).

DRAPER, J.W. History of the American Civil War (New York, 1867-1870),
3 vols.

DYER, FREDERICK H., compiler. Compendium of the war of the rebellion
(Des Moines, 1908).

EATON, RACHEL CAROLINE. John Ross and the Cherokee Indians (Menasha,
Wisconsin, 1914).

EDWARDS, JOHN NEWMAN. Shelby and his men (Cincinnati, 1867).

---- Noted guerrillas, or the warfare of the border (Chicago, 1877).

EGGLESTON, GEORGE CARY. History of the Confederate war: its causes and
conduct (New York, 1910), 2 vols.

EVANS, GENERAL CLEMENT A., editor. Confederate military history
(Atlanta, 1899), 10 vols.

FISHER, SYDNEY G. Suspension of habaes corpus during the war of the
rebellion. _Political Science Quarterly_, vol. iii, 454-488.

FISKE, JOHN. Mississippi Valley in the Civil War (Boston, 1900).

FITE, EMERSON DAVID. Social and industrial conditions in the North
during the Civil War (New York, 1910).

FORMBY, JOHN. American Civil War (New York, 1910).

FORNEY, J.W. Anecdotes of public men (New York, 1873-1881), 2 vols.

FOULKE, WILLIAM DUDLEY. Oliver P. Morton, life and important speeches
(Indianapolis, 1899), 2 vols.

GORDON, GENERAL JOHN B. Reminiscences of the Civil War (New York,
1903).

GORHAM, GEORGE C. Life and public services of Edwin M. Stanton (New
York, 1899), 2 vols.

GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON. Personal memoirs (New York, 1895), 2 vols.,
new edition, revised.

GREENE, FRANCIS VINTON. Mississippi, Campaigns of the Civil War series
(New York, 1882).

GROVER, CAPTAIN GEORGE S. Shelby raid, 1863. Missouri _Historical
Review_, vol. vi, 107-126.

---- The Price campaign of 1864.

Missouri _Historical Review_, vol. vi, 167-181.

HALLUM, JOHN. Biographical and pictorial history of Arkansas (Albany,
1887).

HODGE, DAVID M. Argument before the Committee of Indian Affairs of the
United States Senate, March 10, 1880, in support of Senate Bill, no.
1145, providing for the payment of awards' made to the Creek Indians
who enlisted in the Federal army, loyal refugees, and freedmen
(Washington, D.C., 1880), pamphlet.

---- Is-ha-he-char, and Co-we Harjo. To the Committee on Indian

Affairs of the House of Representatives of the 51st congress in the
matter of the claims of the loyal Creeks for losses sustained during
the late rebellion (Washington, D.C.), pamphlet.

HOSMER, JAMES KENDALL. Appeal to arms, American Nation series (New
York, 1907), vol. xx.

---- Outcome of the Civil War, American Nation series (New York,
1907), vol. xxi.

HOUCK, LOUIS. History of Missouri (Chicago, 1908), 3 vols.

HULL, AUGUSTUS LONGSTREET. Campaigns of the Confederate army (Atlanta,
1901).

HUMPHREY, SETHK. The Indian dispossessed (Boston, 1906), revised
edition.

HUNTER, MOSES H., editor. Report of the military services of General
David Hunter, U.S.A., during the war of the rebellion. (New York,
1873), second edition.

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INDEX

Abbott, James B: 204, footnote , 236, footnote

Abel, Annie Heloise: work cited in _footnotes_ on pages 14, 57,
75, 85, 172, 183, 190, 226, 241, 260

Absentee Shawnees: 205, footnote

Acadians: removal of, 304, footnote

Adair, W. P: 268, footnote , 277, footnote , 326 and
_footnote_

Adams, C. W: 333

Ah-pi-noh-to-me: 108, footnote

Aldrich, Cyrus: 225, footnote , 229, footnote

Alexander, A. M: 267, footnote

Allen's Battery: 146

Allen County (Kans.): 82, footnote

Aluktustenuke: 94, footnote , 108, footnote

Amnesty Proclamation: 322

Anderson, Mrs. Mabel Washbourne: work cited in _footnotes_ on
pages 127, 130, 138, 194, 197, 271, 272, 288

Anderson, S. S: 265, footnote

Arapahoes: 274, footnote

Arizona Territory: 61-62

Arkadelphia (Ark.): 261

Arkansans: circulate malicious stories about Pike, 160,
_footnote_; lawless, 264; unable to decide arbitrarily about
Indian movements, 326

Arkansas: regards McCulloch as defender, 15; Van Dora's requisition
for troops, 25; Federals occupy northern, 34; Pike to call for aid,
36; attack from direction of, expected, 48; left in miserable plight
by Van Dorn, 128; army men exploited Pike's command, 150; R.W. Johnson
serves as delegate from, 175; R.W. Johnson becomes senator from in the
First Congress, 176; Thomas B. Hanly, representative from, introduces
bill for establishment of Indian superintendency, 176; disagreeable
experiences of Indians in, 177; Pike recommends separation of Indian
Territory from both Texas and, 179; unsafe to leave interests of
Indian Territory subordinated to those of, 246; political squabbles
in, 249, footnote ; Indian Home Guards not intended for use in,
259; privilege of writ of _habeas corpus_ suspended, 269; Blunt
and Curtis want possession of western counties, 325

Arkansas and Red River Superintendency: 181; territorial limits, 177;
officials, 177-178; restrictions upon Indians and white men, 178;
Pike recommends organization, 179; Cooper seeks appointment as
superintendent, 179

Arkansas Military Board: 15, 16

Arkansas Post (Ark.): loss of, 270

Arkansas River: mentioned, 165, 192, 194, 216, 268, footnote ,
272, footnote , 295; Pike's headquarters near junction with
Verdigris, 22; Pike to call troops to prevent descent, 36; Indian
refugees reach, 85; Indians flee across, 135; Campbell to examine
alleged position of enemy south, 136; Federals in possession of
country north of, 198; Stand Watie and Cooper pushed below, 220;
Phillips to hold line of, 251; Schofield desires control of entire
length of course, 260; Blunt patrolling, 293; Stand Watie to move
down, to vicinity of Fort Smith,

271, footnote ; Osages, Pottawatomies, Cheyennes, and others to
gather on, 274-275, footnote ; natural line of defence, 315;
seizure of supply boat on, 327

Arkansas State Convention: 16

Arkansas Volunteers: 60, footnote

Armstrong Academy (Okla.): meeting of Indian General Council at, 317;
unfortunate delay of Scott in reaching, 320; Southern Indians renew
pledge of loyalty to Confederate States at, 323

Army of Frontier: under Blunt, 196; regiments of Indian Home Guards
part of, 196; encamps on old battlefield of Pea Ridge, 197; gradual
retrogression into Missouri, 219, footnote ; District of Kansas
to be separated from, 248

Atchison and Pike's Peak Railway Company: 230

Atrocities: Pike charged with giving countenance to, 30-31, 31,
_footnote_; degree of Pike's responsibility for, 32; repudiated
by Cherokee National Council, 32-33; become subject of correspondence
between opposing generals, 33; charged against Indians at Battle
of Wilson's Creek, 34, footnote ; forbidden by Van Dorn, 36;
guerrilla, 44; influenced Halleck regarding use of Indian soldiers,
102; at Battle of Newtonia, 195; Blunts army accused of, 248,
_footnote_; Stand Watie's men commit, 332


Badeau, Adam: work cited, 96, footnote

Baldwin, A.H: 235, footnote

Bankhead, S.P: given command of Northern Sub-District of Texas,
286; Steele applies for assistance, 290; fails to appear, 291;
dissatisfaction with, 306, footnote

Barren Fork (Okla.): skirmish on, 312

Bartles, W.L: 237, footnote

Bass's Texas Cavalry: 276, footnote , 303, footnote , 306,
_footnote_

Bassett, Owen A: 123, footnote

Bates County (Mo.): 58, 304, footnote

Baxter Springs (Kans.): location, 121, 125, footnote ; Weer
leaves Salomon and Doubleday at, 121; Indian encampment at, 125, 129;
negro regiment sent to, 259, 284; commissary train expected, 291;
massacre at, 304

Bayou Bernard: 163-164

Beauregard, Pierre G.T: devises plans for bringing Van Dorn east, 14,
_footnote_, 34; Hindman takes command under order of, 127, 186,
_footnote_, 190

Belmont (Kansas.): 274, footnote

Benge, Pickens: 132

Benjamin, Judah P: 22, 23, footnote , 24, footnote , 175,
_footnote_

Bennett, Joseph: 269, footnote

Bentonville (Ark.): 29, 216

Big Bend of Arkansas: 73, footnote , 274, footnote

Big Blue Reserve: 235, footnote

Big Hill Camp: 237, footnote

Big Mountain: 148, footnote

Billy Bowlegs: 68, footnote , 108, footnote , 228,
_footnote_

Biographical Congressional Directory: work cited, 59, footnote ,
70, footnote

Bishop, Albert Webb: work cited, 219, footnote

Black Beaver Road: 67, footnote

Black Bob: 235, footnote , 236, footnote

Black Bob's Band: 204; to be distinguished from Absentee Shawnees,
204-205, footnote ; lands raided by guerrillas, 205

Black Dog: 263, footnote

Blair, Francis P: 49

Blair, W.B: 290, footnote

Bleecker, Anthony: 41, footnote

Blue River (Okla.): 110

Blunt, James G: learns of designs of Drew's Cherokees, 33; avenges
burning of Humboldt, 53; succeeds Denver at Fort Scott, 98; in command
of reestablished Department of Kansas, 106; reverses policy of Halleck
and Sturgis, 106-107 and footnote ; promotion objected to, 107,
_footnote_; ideas on necessary equipment of Indian soldiers, 109;
Weer reports on subject of Cherokee relations, 136; forbids Weer to
make incursion into adjoining states, 139; orders white troops to
support Indian Brigade, 192-193; in charge of Army of Frontier, 196;
plans Second Indian Expedition, 196 and _footnotes_; promises to
return refugees to homes, 196, footnote , 203; opinion touching
profiteering, 208, 210-211; issue between, and Coffin, 210-211 and
_footnote_; promises return home to refugee Cherokees, 213;
vigorous policy, 218; achievements discounted by Schofield, 248, 249;
accusation of brutal murders and atrocities, 248, footnote ;
makes headquarters at Fort Leavenworth, 249; wishes Phillips to
advance, 254, 257; advancement of Schofield obnoxious to, 260;
undertakes to go to Fort Gibson, 261, 286; in command of District of
Frontier, 286; victorious at Honey Springs, 288-289; decides to assume
offensive, 293; no faith in Indian soldiery, 294; transfers effects
from Fort Scott to Fort Smith, 304; relieved by McNeil, 305; summoned
to Washington for conference, 322 and footnote ; restored to
command, 324; controversy with Thayer, 324

Bob Deer: 68, footnote

Boggs, W.R: 286, footnote

Boggy Depot (Okla.): 162, 284, 295, footnote , 296 and
_footnote_

Bogy, Lewis V: 235, footnote

Bonham (Texas): 302-303

Border Warfare: 16-17, 44

Boston Mountains: McCulloch and Price retreating towards, 26,
_footnote_; to push Confederate line northward of, 192

Boudinot, Elias C: Cherokee delegate in Confederate Congress, 180;
submits proposals to Cherokees, 279; active in Congress, 299,
_footnote_; coadjutor of Cooper and relative of Stand Watie, 300;
Steele forwards letter from, 307, footnote ; Steele believes,
responsible for opposition, 311; urges plan of brigading upon
Davis, 317; suggests attaching Indian Territory to Missouri, 317,
_footnote_, 318, 321, footnote ; reports to Davis, 321

Bourland, James: 312, footnote

Bowman, Charles S: 108

Branch, H.B: 48, footnote , 51, footnote , 74,
_footnote_, 116; charges against, 234, footnote

Breck, S: 324, footnote

Britton, Wiley: work cited in _footnotes_ on pages 20, 22, 30,
35, 50, 51, 52, 55, 113, 118, 126, 131, 132, 146, 194, 196, 197, 198,
216, 218, 237, 249, 250, 257, 260, 271, 273

Brooken Creek (Okla.): 295, footnote

Brooks, William: 46, footnote , 47, footnote

Brown, E.B: 119, footnote , 127

Brown, John: 42, footnote

Browne, William M: 172, footnote

Bryan, G.M: 292, footnote

Buchanan, James: 41, 70, footnote

Buffalo Hump: 65, footnote

Burbank, Robert: 77, footnote

Bureau of Indian Affairs: created in Confederate War Dept, 172 and
_footnote_

Burlington (Kans.): 80

Burns, Robert: 26

Bushwhackers: 125, 236, footnote , 239, footnote , 260,
266, footnote

Buster, M.W: 194, footnote


Cabell, A.S: 270, footnote

Cabell, W.L: 277, footnote , 284 and footnote , 287, 289,
292, 297

Cabin Creek (Okla.): 131, 283-286 and footnote , 332

Caddoes: reported loyal to U.S., 66, footnote ; in First
Indian Expedition, 115, footnote ; encamped at Big Bend, 274,
_footnote_

Calhoun, James S: 260, footnote

Camden Campaign (Ark.): 326-327

Cameron, Simon: 56, 60, footnote , 72

Camp Bowen: 219, footnote

Camp Imochiah: 288, footnote

Camp McIntosh: 112, 153

Camp Quapaw: 146

Camp Radziwintski (Radziminski?): 153

Camp Ross, 255

Camp Stephens: 32, 35

Campbell, A.B: 81

Campbell, W.T: sent to reconnoitre, 136; halts at Fort Gibson, 136

Canadian River: 129, 162, 164, 293, 327

Canby, E.R.S: 335

Cane Hill (Ark.): 28, footnote , 218

Cantonment Davis (Okla.): established as Pike's headquarters, 22;
Indians gather at, 27; Cooper at, 169; Cooper's force flee to, 198

Carey's Ferry (Okla.): 192

Carey's Ford (Okla.): 126

Carney, Thomas: 211, footnote ; named as suitable commissioner,
233, footnote

Carr, Eugene A: 30, footnote

Carriage Point: 111, footnote

Carrington, W.T: 296, footnote

Carruth, E.H: teacher among Indians, 59, 64, footnote ; furthers
plan for inter-tribal council, 69; suspected of stirring up Indian
refugees against Coffin, 87-88 and footnote ; refugee Creeks
want as agent, 89; satisfied with appointment to Wichita Agency, 89;
sent on mission, 122 and footnote , 133; in Cherokee Nation,
195, footnote ; disapproves of attempting return of refugees,
209; Martin and, arrange for inter-tribal council, 273-275,
_footnote_

Carter, J.C: 208, footnote

Cass County (Mo.): 304, footnote

Cassville (Mo.): 293

Century Company's War Book: work cited, 13, footnote

Central Superintendent: 116-117

Chapman, J.B: 222 and footnote , 229, footnote

Chap-Pia-Ke: 69, footnote

Charles Johnnycake: 64, footnote

Chatterton, Charles W: 214, footnote

Cherokee Brigade: 309

Cherokee country: 193, 194

Cherokee Delegate: 111, footnote , 180

Cherokee Expedition: 73, footnote

Cherokee Nation: 47, footnote , 74, footnote , 111,
_footnote_; Clarkson to take command of all forces within, 130;
future attitude under consideration, 133; Weer suggests resumption of
allegiance to U.S., 134; Weer proposes abolition of slavery by vote,
134, footnote ; intention to remain true to Confederacy, 135;
cattle plentiful, 145; Hindman designs to stop operations of wandering
mercantile companies, 156; maintenance of order necessary, 192;
archives and treasury seized, 193; Carruth and Martin in, 195,
_footnote_; Delaware District of, 197; deplorable condition
of country, 217; Boudinot, delegate in Congress from, 299,
_footnote_; Quantrill and his band pass into, 304

Cherokee National Council: ratifies treaty with Confederacy, 28,
_footnote_; opposed to atrocities, 32-33; resolutions against
atrocities, 33; assemblies, 255-256, legislative work, 256-257;
Federal victory at

Webber's Falls prevents convening, 271 and footnote ; passage
of bill relative to feeding destitute Indians, 277, footnote ;
adopts resolutions commendatory of Blunt's work, 305, footnote ;
Stand Watie proposes enactment of conscription law, 329

Cherokee Neutral Lands (Kans.): 47, footnote , 53, 121, 125,
_footnote_; refugee Cherokees collect on, 213; refugees refuse
to vacate, 214; Pomeroy advocates confiscation of, 224; John Ross
and associates ready to consider retrocession of, 231-232 and
_footnote_

Cherokee Strip (Kans.): 79

Cherokee Treaty with Confederacy: ratified by National Council, 28,
_footnote_; Indians stipulated to fight in own fashion, 32

Cherokees: unwilling to have Indian Territory occupied by Confederate
troops, 15; civil war impending, 29; disturbances stirred up by bad
white men, 47, footnote , 48; effect of Federal defeat at
Wilson's Creek, 49; attitude towards secession, 63, footnote ;
in First Indian Expedition, 115, footnote ; driven from country,
116; flee across Arkansas River, 135; exasperated by Pike's retirement
to confines of Indian Territory, 159; outlawed, participate in Wichita
Agency tragedy, 183; demoralizing effect of Ross's departure, 193;
secessionist, call convention, 193; should be protected against
plundering, 195, footnote ; refugee, on Drywood Creek, 209,
_footnote_, 213; repudiate alliance with Confederacy, 232;
approached by Steele through medium of necessities, 276; charge
Confederacy with bad faith, 279-281; asked to give military land
grants to white men in return for protection, 279-281; Blunt thinks
superior to Kansas tribes, 294; intent upon recovery of Fort Gibson,
311; troops pass resolution of reenlistment for war, 328-329

Chicago Tribune: 75, footnote

Chickasaw Battalion: 152, 155; Tonkawas to furnish guides for, 184,
_footnote_

Chickasaw Home Guards: 184, footnote

Chickasaw Legislature: 306, footnote , 329, footnote

Chickasaw Nation: Pike arrested at Tishomingo, 200; funds drawn upon
for support of John Ross and others, 215, footnote ; Phillips
communicates with governor, 323, footnote

Chickasaws: discord within ranks, 29; attitude towards secession,
63, footnote ; delegation of, and Creeks, and Kininola,
65, footnote ; plundered by Osages and Comanches, 207,
_footnote_; refugee, given temporary home, 213; dissatisfied with
Cooper, 265, footnote ; disperse, 323

Chiekies: 66, footnote

Chillicothe Band of Shawnees: 236, footnote

Chilton, W.P: 173, footnote

Chipman, N.P: 207, footnote

Chippewas: 212

Choctaw and Chickasaw Battalion: 25, 32

Choctaw Battalion: 152, 155

Choctaw Council: considers Blunt's proposals, 302; disposition towards
neutrality, 306, footnote ; Phillips sends communication to,
323, footnote

Choctaw Militia: 311-312, 312, footnote

Choctaw Nation: Pike withdraws into, 110; Robert M. Jones, delegate
from, in Congress, 299, footnote ; proposed conscription within,
328

Choctaws: discord bred by unscrupulous merchants, 29; attitude

towards secession, 63, footnote ; refugee, given temporary home,
213; waver in allegiance to South, 220; sounded by Phillips, 254;
little recruiting possible while Fort Smith is in Confederate hands,
258-259; Steele entrusts recruiting to Tandy Walker, 265; no tribe so
completely secessionist as, 290; protest against failure to supply
with arms and ammunition, 301; proposals from Blunt known to have
reached, 302; cotton, 308-309, footnote ; bestir themselves
as in first days of war, 311; principal chief opposes projects of
Armstrong Academy council, 321; want confederacy separate and distinct
from Southern, 321, footnote ; do excellent service in Camden
campaign, 326

Choo-Loo-Foe-Lop-Hah Choe: talk, 68, footnote ; signature, 69,
_footnote_

Chouteau's Trading House: 329, footnote

Christie: 305, footnote

Chustenahlah (Okla.): 79

Cincinnati (Ark.): 28, 35

Cincinnati Gazette: 58, footnote , 88, footnote

Clarimore: 238, footnote

Clark, Charles T: 82, footnote

Clark, George W: 158 and footnote

Clark, Sidney: 104, footnote

Clarke, G.W: 22

Clarkson, J.J: assigned to supreme command in northern part of Indian
Territory, 129-130; applies for permission to intercept trains on
Santa Fe road, 129, footnote ; at Locust Grove, 131; surprised
in camp, 131, footnote ; made prisoner, 132; Pike's reference
to, 158; placed in Cherokee country, 159, footnote

Clarksville (Ark.): 287-288, footnote

Clay, Clement C: 176, footnote

Cloud, William F: 193, 297

Cochrane, John: 56-57

Coffee, J.T: 113 and footnote , 125

Coffin, O.S: letter, 82 and footnote

Coffin, S.D: 208

Coffin, William G: testifies to disturbances among Osages, 46,
_footnote_; pays visit to ruins of Humboldt, 54, footnote ;
plans for inter-tribal council, 69; orders countermanded for
enlistment of Indians, 77; learns of refugees in Kansas, 80; compelled
by settlers to seek new abiding-place for refugees, 86; refugees lodge
complaint against, 87 and footnote ; military enrollment of
Indians conducted under authority of Interior Department, 105 and
_footnote_; applies for new instructions regarding First Indian
Expedition, 105; dispute with Elder, 116-117, 207, footnote ;
anxious to have Osage offer accepted by refugee Creeks, 207-208,
_footnote_; disapproves of Blunt's plan for early return of
refugees, 209; issue between Blunt and, 210-211; contract with
Stettaner Bros. approved by Dole, 211, footnote ; urges removal
of refugees to Sac and Fox Agency, 212; visits refugee Cherokees on
Neutral Lands, 213; details Harlan and Proctor to care for refugee
Cherokees at Neosho, 214; drafts Osage treaty of cession, 229;
suggests location for Indian colonization, 233; would reward Osage
massacrers, 238, footnote ; prevails upon Jim Ned to stop
jayhawking, 274, footnote

Colbert, Holmes: 207, footnote

Colbert, Winchester: 184, footnote

Coleman, Isaac: 209

Collamore, George W: career, 87, footnote ; investigation into
condition of refugees, 87, footnote

Colorado Territory: likely to be menaced by Southern Indians, 61;
conditions in, 61, footnote ; recruiting officers massacred by
Osages,

238, footnote ; political squabbles in, 249, footnote ;
harassed by Indians of Plains, 320; made part of restored Department
of Kansas, 321

Comanches: Pike's negotiation with, 63, footnote , 65,
_footnote_, 173, footnote ; peaceable and quiet, 112; this
side of Staked Plains friendly, 153; Osages and, plunder Chickasaws,
207, footnote ; reported encamped at Big Bend, 274,
_footnote_

Confederates: disposition to over-estimate size of enemy, 30,
_footnote_; defeat at Pea Ridge decisive, 34; should concentrate
on saving country east of Mississippi, 34; retreat from Pea Ridge, 35;
possible to fraternize with Federals, 44; victorious at Drywood
Creek, 51-52; in vicinity of Neosho, 127; no forces at hand to resist
invasion of Indian Territory, 147; defeat at Locust Grove counted
against Pike, 161; Cherokee country abandoned to, 193; in possession
as far north as Moravian Mission, 194; victory at Newtonia, 194-195
and _footnotes_; ill-success on Cowskin River and at Shirley's
Ford, 197; flee to Cantonment Davis, 198; officers massacred by
Osages, 237-238, footnote ; grants to Indian Territory, 250;
foraging and scouting occupy, 253; distributing relief to indigents,
258

Congress, Confederate: authorizes Partisan Rangers, 112; Arkansas
delegates testify to Van Dorn's aversion for Indians, 148,
_footnote_; act of regulating intercourse with Indians, 169; act
for establishing Arkansas and Red River Superintendency, 177-178;
concedes rights and privileges to Indian delegates, 299,
_footnote_

Congress, United States: 71, 76, footnote , 86 and
_footnote_, 99; circumstances of refugees well-aired in, 209;
gives president discretionary power for relief of refugees, 209;
Osages memorialize for civil government, 229 and footnote ; act
authorizing negotiations with Indian tribes, 231; decides to relieve
Kansas of Indian encumbrance, 294

Connelley, William E: work cited, 42 and _footnotes_ on pages 51,
101, 205, 239

Conway, Martin F: 72, footnote , 88, footnote , 107,
_footnote_

Cooley, D.N: 205, footnote

Cooper, Douglas H: colonel of First Regiment Choctaw and Chickasaw
Mounted Rifles, 25; communicates with Pike, 29, footnote ;
objects to keeping Indians at home, 31, footnote ; arrives at
Camp Stephens, 32, 35; protects baggage train on way to Elm Springs,
35; recommends Indians as guerrillas, 112; ordered to repair to
country north of Canadian River, 129, 154; orders Indian leaders to
report at Fort Davis, 137; regiment goes out of service, 153; views
on employment of Indians, 159 and footnote ; Pike to hand over
command to, 162; transmits Pike's circular, 167, 169; orders arrest
of Pike, 169; calls for troops from all Indian nations, 174,
_footnote_; seeks to become superintendent of Indian affairs,
179; appointment withheld because of inebriety, 181; to attempt to
reenter southwest Missouri, 194; after Battle of Newtonia obliged to
fall back into Arkansas, 197; under orders from Rains, plans invasion
of Kansas, 197; defeated in Battle of Fort Wayne, 197-198; in
disgrace, 198; Steele preferred to, 246; not ranking officer of
Steele, 247, footnote , 300, footnote ; force poorly
equipped, 248, footnote ;

apparently bent upon annoying Steele, 265; can get plenty of beef,
272; influences to advance, at expense of Steele, 278, 306 and
_footnote_; orders Stand Watie to take position at Cabin Creek,
284-285; ammunition worthless at Honey Springs, 288; Boudinot
and, intrigue together, 300; headquarters at Fort Washita, 303,
_footnote_; manifests great activity in own interests, 303;
Quantrill and band reach camp of, 304; plans recovery of Fort Smith,
309; opposed to idea of separating white auxiliary from Indian forces,
310; raises objection to two brigade idea, 316; Boudinot and, advise
formation of three distinct Indian brigades, 317; placed in command
of all Indian troops in Trans-Mississippi Department on borders of
Arkansas, 319; declared subordinate to Maxey, 319; begins work of
undermining Maxey, 333-334

Cooper, S: 29, footnote , 128, footnote

Corwin, David B: 144

Corwin, Robert S: 231, footnote

Cottonwood River (Kans.): 85, footnote

Cowskin Prairie (Mo. and Okla.): Stand Watie's engagement at, 113;
encampment on, 119, 120, footnote ; affair at, erroneously
reported as Federal victory, 119, footnote ; Round Grove on,
126; scouts called in at, 138

Cowskin River: 197

Crawford, John: 48, 214, footnote

Crawford, Samuel J: work cited, 101, footnote , 194, footnote,
197, footnote ; at Battle of Fort Wayne, 197

Crawford Seminary: 46, 50

Creek and Seminole Battalion: 25

Creek Nation: 62, footnote , 111, footnote ; Clarkson to
take command of all forces within, 130; Pike negotiates treaty with,
173, footnote

Creeks: delegation of, and Chickasaws and Kininola seek help at Leroy,
65, footnote ; desert Opoeth-le-yo-ho-la, 76, footnote ;
constitute main body of refugees in Kansas, 81; compose First Regiment
Indian Home Guards, 114 and footnote ; company authorized by
Pike, 173, footnote ; refugee, offered home by Osages, 207 and
_footnote_; refugee, given temporary home by Sacs and Foxes of
Mississippi, 213; unionist element attempts tribal re-organization,
228; views regarding accommodation of other Indians upon lands, 233;
Senate ratifies treaty with, 234; reject treaty, 235; Phillips sounds,
254; Phillips learns that defection has begun, 256; refuse to
charge, 272; nature and extent of disaffection among, 272-273 and
_footnote_; address Davis, 278; bad conduct complained of by
Steele, 285, footnote ; inevitable effect of Battle of Honey
Springs upon, 290; Blunt's offensive and Steele's defensive, 301;
proposals of Blunt known to have reached, 302; disperse among
fastnesses of mountains, 323

Cross Timber Hollow (Ark.): 30, footnote

Currier, C.F: 67, footnote

Curtis, Samuel R: in charge of Southwestern District of Missouri,
26-27; estimate of number of troops contributed by Pike, 30,
_footnote_; instructed to report on Confederate use of Indians,
33, footnote ; victory at Pea Ridge complete, 34; surmise with
respect to movements of Stand Watie and others, 120, footnote ;
resents insinuations against military capacity of Blunt and Herron,
249; Lane opposed to Gamble, Schofield, and, 249, footnote ;
regrets sacrifice of red men

in white man's quarrel, 250; calls for Phillips to return, 259;
succeeded by Schofield, 260; in command of restored Department of
Kansas, 321; arrives at Fort Gibson, 324

Cutler, George A: council held at Leroy by, 62, footnote ; at
Fort Leavenworth, 74, footnote ; ordered by Lane to transfer
council to Fort Scott, 74, footnote ; reports Opoeth-le-yo-ho-la
in distress, 76, footnote ; refugees complain of treatment,
87; approves of early return of refugees, 209; calls Creek chiefs to
consider draft of treaty, 233


Dana, Charles A: 126, footnote , 324, footnote

Danley, C.C: 15

Davis, Jefferson: work cited, 14, footnote ; urged to send
second general officer out, 15-16; McCulloch's sacrifice of
Confederate interests in Missouri reported to, 18; unfavorable to
Price and to his method of fighting, 18-19; report of Pike submitted
to, 21; Cooper, in name of, orders Ross to issue proclamation calling
for fighting men, 137; correspondence with Pike, 167-168; recommends
creation of bureau of Indian affairs, 172; appoints Pike diplomatic
agent to Indian tribes, 173, footnote ; signs bill for
establishment of southern superintendency, 176; Pike makes important
suggestions to, 179; offers explanation for non-payment of Indian
moneys, 179, footnote ; inconsistentcy of, 187; refusal to
accept Pike's resignation, 190; orders adjutant-general to accept
Pike's resignation, 200; lack of candor in explaining matters to
Holmes, 269; Creeks address, 278; replies to protest from Flanagin,
287, footnote ; opposed to surrendering part to save whole, 297,
_footnote_; considers resolutions of Armstrong Academy
council, 317; addresses Indians through principal chiefs, 318 and
_footnote_; objects making Indian Territory separate department,
318-319; knowledge of economic and strategic importance of Indian
Territory, 331

Davis, John S: 80, footnote

Davis, William P: 80, footnote

Dawson, C.L: 150, footnote , 152, 153, 154, footnote

Deitzler, George W: 97, footnote

Delahay, M.W: 222, footnote

Delaware Reservation (Kans.): location, 206; store of Carney and Co.
on, 211, footnote

Delawares: interview of Dole with, 77, footnote ; in First
Indian Expedition, 113, footnote , 115, footnote ; from
Cherokee country made refugees, 116, 206; wandering, implicated in
tragedy at Wichita Agency, 183; eager to enlist, 207; request
removal of Agent Johnson and Carney and Co. from reservation, 211,
_footnote_; wild, involved in serious trouble with Osages, 274,
_footnote_

Democratic Party: 47, footnote

De Morse, Charles: 266, footnote , 330, footnote

Denver, James W: career, 70; popular rejoicing over prospect of
recall, 72, footnote ; learns of presence of refugees in Kansas,
80; assigned by Halleck to command of District of Kansas, 97; Lane
and Pomeroy protest against appointment, 97; later movements, 98
and footnote ; cooeperates with Steele and Coffin to advance
preparations for First Indian Expedition, 102; removal from District
of Kansas inaugurated "Sturgis' military despotism," 104

Department no. 2: 19

Department of Arkansas: 322

Department of Indian Territory: Pike in command, 20; relation to
other military units, 21; Pike deplores absorption of, 151; Pike's
appointment displeasing to Elias Rector, 181, footnote ; created
at suggestion from Pike, 189

Department of Kansas: Hunter in command, 27, 61, 70; consolidated with
Department of Missouri, 96; reestablished, 106 and footnote ;
Blunt assigned to command, 106, 118; restored, Curtis in command, 321

Department of Mississippi: 96, 105

Department of Missouri: Halleck in command, 27, 61; consolidated with
Department of Kansas, 96

Department of Mountain: 96

Department of Potomac: 96

Department of West: 27, 61

De Smet, Father: 234

De Soto (Kans.): 236, footnote

Dickey, M.C: 226 and footnote

District of Arkansas: Hindman in command, 192; Price in command during
illness of Holmes, 299, footnote ; Price succeeds Holmes, 326

District of Frontier: Blunt in command, 286; McNeil relieves Blunt,
305; Schofield institutes investigation, 305, footnote

District of Kansas: Denver assigned to command of, 97; Sturgis
assigned to, 98; checks progress of First Indian Expedition, 105;
Schofield advises complete separation from Army of Frontier, 248;
re-constituted with headquarters at Fort Leavenworth, 249

District of Texas: 306, footnote , 318, footnote

Dole, R.W: 74, footnote , 114, footnote

Dole, William P: 53, footnote , 54, footnote ; absent on
mission to West, 60; submits new evidence of serious state of affairs
among Indians, 61; authority of U.S. over Indians to be maintained,
61; Lane's plans appeal to, 72-73; disappointed over Stanton's
reversal of policy for use of Indian troops, 76; countermands orders
for enlistment of Indians, 77; warned that army supplies to refugees
to be discontinued, 83; Coffin and Ritchie apply for new instructions
regarding First Indian Expedition, 105-106; reports adversely upon
subject of Lane's motion, 223; motives considered, 225; submits
views on Pomeroy's project for concentration of tribes, 230,
_footnote_; undertakes mission to West, 234; treaties made by,
234 _et seq_.; detained by Delawares and by Quantrill's raid
upon Lawrence, 238-239 and footnote ; negotiates with Osages at
Leroy, 239 and footnote ; treaties impeachable, 241

Dorn, Andrew J: mentioned, 263, footnote , 264, footnote ;
avowed secessionist, 47, footnote

Doubleday, Charles: 114, footnote ; colonel of Second Ohio
Cavalry, 118; Weer to supersede, 119; proposes to attempt to reach
Fort Gibson, 119; desirous of checking Stand Watie, 119; indecisive
engagement on Cowskin Prairie, 119 and footnote ; ordered not to
go into Indian Territory, 120; left at Baxter Springs by Weer, 121

Downing, Lewis: 231, footnote , 255, 256

Drew, John: dispersion of regiment, 24, 132; movements of men at Pea
Ridge, 32; finds refuge at Camp Stephens, 35; authorized to furlough
men, 111, footnote ; regiment stationed in vicinity of Park
Hill, 111, footnote ; desires

Clarkson placed in Cherokee country, 159, footnote

Drywood Creek (Kans.): Federal defeat at, 51 and footnote ;
Price breaks camp at, 52, footnote ; fugitive Indians on,
195, footnote , 209, footnote ; Cherokee camp raided by
guerrillas, 213-214

Du Bose, J.J: 288, footnote

Duval, B.G: 266, footnote

Dwight's Mission: 217


East Boggy (Okla.): 296

Eaton, Rachel Caroline: work cited, 257, footnote

Echo Harjo: 278, footnote

Edgar County (Ill.): 84, footnote

Edwards, John Newman: work cited in _footnotes_ on pages 14, 151,
194, 198

Elder, Peter P: 48, footnote , 204; makes Fort Scott
headquarters of Neosho Agency, 50; disputes with Coffin, 116-117,
207, footnote ; prevails upon Ottawas to extend hospitality to
refugees, 213, footnote ; suspicious of Coffin, 229

Elk Creek (Okla.): Kiowas select home on, 153; Cooper encamps on, 287,
_footnote_

Elkhorn Tavern (Ark.): 30 and footnote

Ellithorpe, A.C: 105, footnote , 115, footnote , 131,
_footnote_; with detachment at Vann's Ford, 144; disapproves
of attempting to return refugees at early date, 209-211
and footnote ; complains of Opoeth-le-yo-ho-la, 219,
_footnote_; opinion about Indian Home Guards, 251

Elm Springs (Ark.): 35

El Paso (Tex.): 48

Emancipation Proclamation: Fremont's, 57; Lincoln's, 234

Evansville (Ark.): 28

Ewing, Thomas: 304, footnote , 321, footnote

"Extremists": 305, footnote


Fairhaven (Mass.): 31, footnote

Fall River (Kans.): 79, 81, 82, footnote , 84-85, 273,
_footnote_

False Wichita (Washita) River (Okla.): 153

Farnsworth, H.W: 205, footnote , 236, footnote

Fayetteville (Ark.): 28, footnote , 256; battle of, 218,
_footnote_

Federals: early encounter with, anticipated by Van Dorn, 20; expulsion
from Missouri planned by Van Dorn, 26; drive back Confederates under
McCulloch and Price, 26; disposition to over-estimate number of enemy,
30, footnote ; attempt to recover battery seized by Indians
at Leetown, 31; in occupation of northern Arkansas, 34; defeat
at Wilson's Creek, 49; defeat at Drywood Creek, 51-52 and
_footnote_; showing unwonted vigor on northeastern border of
Cherokee country, 112, footnote ; flight, 113, footnote ;
Stand Watie on watch for, 130; defeat in Battle of Newtonia, 194-195
and _footnotes_; direct efforts towards arresting Hindman's
progress, 218; grants to Indian Territory, 250; foraging and scouting,
253; in possession of Fort Smith, 290; Steele places drive from Fort
Smith to Red River, 311; fail to pursue Stand Watie, 312

First Choctaw Regiment: under Col. Sampson Folsom, 152; ordered to
Fort Gibson, 155; men unanimously reenlist for duration of war, 328;
demands, 328

First Creek Regiment: commanded by D.N. McIntosh, 25; men gather at
Cantonment Davis, 27; two hundred men gather at Camp Stephens, 32;
about to make extended scout westward, 112; under orders to advance up
Verdigris toward Santa Fe road, 152

First Indian Brigade: 327

First Indian Expedition: had beginnings in Lane's project, 41; revival
of interest in, 99; Denver, Steele, and Coffin cooeperate to advance,
102; arms go forward to Leroy and Humboldt, 102; time propitious for,
103; policy of Sturgis not yet revealed, 103-104; Steele, Denver, and
Wright in dark regarding, 103, footnote ; Steele issues order
against enlistment of Indians, 105; vigor restored by re-establishment
of Department of Kansas, 106; orders for resuming enlistment
of Indians, 106-107; organization proceeding apace, 113 and
_footnote_; outfit of Indians decidedly inferior, 117; Weer
appointed to command of, 117 and footnote ; Doubleday proposed
for command of, 118; existence ignored by Missourians, 119,
_footnote_; destruction planned by Stand Watie and others, 120
and footnote ; Weer attempts to expedite movement, 121; special
agents accompany, 121-122 and footnote ; component parts encamp
at Baxter Springs, 125; First Brigade put under Salomon, 125; Second
Brigade put under Judson, 125; advance enters Indian Territory
unmolested, 126; forward march and route, 126; Hindman proposes to
check progress, 129; march, 130; delicate position with respect to
U.S. Indian policy, 134; troubles begin, 138; supplies insufficient,
138; in original form brought to abrupt end, 143; Pike's depreciatory
opinion, 164 and footnote ; Osages join conditionally, 207 and
_footnote_; Gillpatrick serves ends of diplomacy between John
Ross and, 271

First Kansas: 97, footnote

First Missouri Cavalry: 113

First Regiment Cherokee Mounted Rifles: commanded by John Drew, 25;
joins Pike at Smith's Mill, 28; movements and conduct at Pea Ridge,
32; iniquitous designs, 33; stationed in vicinity of Park Hill, 111,
_footnote_; defection after defeat at Locust Grove, 132

First Regiment Choctaw and Chickasaw Mounted Rifles: commanded by
Cooper, 25; gathers at Camp Stephens, 32; goes out of service, 153;
two companies post themselves in upper part of Indian Territory, 155;
eight companies encamp near Fort McCulloch, 155; fights valiantly at
Battle of Newtonia, 194

Flanagin, Harris: 270, footnote , 287, footnote

Folsom, Sampson: 152, 155

Folsom, Simpson N: 152

Foreman, John A: 144, 284, 285

Formby, John: work cited, 19, footnote

Fort Arbuckle (Okla.): 15, 60, footnote , 184 and
_footnote_

Fort Blunt (Okla.): 260

Fort Cobb (Okla.): 15, 60, footnote , 112, 153, 275,
_footnote_; about to be abandoned by Texan volunteers, 173,
_footnote_; McKuska appointed to take charge of remaining
property, 174, footnote

Fort Davis (Okla.): Campbell discovers strong Confederate force at,
136; Cooper orders Indians to report at, 137; many of buildings
destroyed by order of Phillips, 220 and footnote , 254

Fort Gibson (Okla.): Pike's headquarters not far from, 22; Choctaw
troops guard road by Perryville towards, 112; Hindman orders Pike to
establish headquarters at, 128, footnote ; Campbell halts
at, 136; Weer inclined to wander from straight road to, 139;
newly-fortified, given name of Fort Blunt, 260; Blunt undertakes to go
to,

261; Cooper learns of approach of train of supplies for, 272,
_footnote_; Creeks obliged to stay at, 273, footnote ;
Phillips despatches Foreman to reenforce Williams, 284; Steele's
equipment inadequate to taking of Fort Gibson, 286, 290-291; Phillips
continues in charge at, 305; Cherokees intent upon recovery, 311;
Phillips to complete fortifications at, 325; rapid changing of
commands at, 333, 335

Fort Larned (Kans.): 112, 152

Fort Leavenworth (Kans.): 73, footnote , 123, footnote ;
protected, 45; Prince in charge at, 55; troops ordered to, 60,
_footnote_; Hunter stationed at, 69, footnote ; arms for
Indian Expedition to be delivered at, 100

Fort Lincoln (Kans.): 52

Fort McCulloch (Okla.): constructed under Pike's direction, 110; Pike
to advance from, 119, footnote ; Pike's force at, not to be
despised, 128; Cherokees exasperated by Pike's continued stay at, 159;
Pike departs from, 162

Fort Roe (Kans.): 80, 85

Fort Scott (Kans.): 213, 214; Lane at, 45, 51; chief Federal
stronghold in middle Southwest, 46; temporary headquarters for Neosho
Agency, 50; abandoned by Lane in anticipation of attack by Price, 52;
Indian council transferred to, 74, footnote ; Blunt succeeds
Denver at, 98; tri-weekly post between St. Joseph and, 116; supply
train from, waited for, 126; Indians mustered in at, 132; Weer
cautioned against allowing communication to be cut off, 138-139;
Phillips's communication with, threatened, 272; Steele plans to take,
286

Fort Smith (Ark.): Drew's Cherokees marching from, to Fayetteville,
28, footnote ; troops ordered withdrawn from, 60,
_footnote_; Choctaw troops watch road to, 112; indignation in,
against Pike, 158; martial law instituted in, 162, footnote ;
attempt to make permanent headquarters for Arkansas and Red River
Superintendency, 176-177; plans to push Confederate line northward of,
192; conditions in and around, 247, 269, footnote ; Phillips
despairs of Choctaw recruiting while in Confederate hands, 258-259;
Steele takes command at, 261; door of Choctaw country, 290; becomes
Blunt's headquarters, 304; Steele expects Federals to attempt a drive
from, to Red River, 311; included within restored Department of
Kansas, 321; dispute over jurisdiction of, 324; included within
re-organized Department of Arkansas, 325; Indian raids around, 331

Fort Smith _Papers_: work cited, 150, footnote

Fort Towson (Okla.): 330

Fort Washita (Okla.): 15, 60, footnote , 303, footnote

Fort Wayne (Okla.): in Delaware District of Cherokee Nation, 197;
battle of, October 22, 1862, 197, 211, 216, 249

Fort Wise (Colo.): 152

Foster, R.D: 47, footnote

Foster, Robert: 47, footnote

Foulke, William Dudley: work cited, 43, footnote

Fourteenth Kansas Cavalry: 322

Fourteenth Missouri State Militia: 113

Fourth Kansas Volunteers: 117, footnote

Franklin County (Kans.): 50, footnote

Fremont, John C: removal of, 13; sends out emergency call for men, 48;
failure to support Lyon, 49; no cooerdination of parts of army

of, 56; emancipation proclamation, 57; put in charge of Department of
Mountain, 96

Frontier Guards: 45, footnote

Fuller, Perry: 88 and footnote , 211, footnote , 212, 233

Furnas, Robert W: 105, footnote ; letter to Dole, 107-108;
becomes ranking officer in field, 143; made commander of Indian
Brigade, 144


Gamble, Hamilton R: 119, footnote , 249, footnote , 260

Gano, Richard M: 306, footnote , 332

Gano's Brigade: 306, footnote

Garland, A.H: 148, footnote , 270, footnote

Garland, Samuel: 312, footnote , 321

Gillpatrick, Doctor: sent under flag of truce to Ross, 135; bearer of
verbal instructions, 193, 217, footnote ; death, 271

Granby (Mo.): lead mines, 20; abandoned, 20, footnote ; plan for
recovery, 194

Grand Falls: 47, footnote

Grand River (Okla.): 284; Cowskin Prairie on, 119; Second Indian Home
Guards to examine country, 126; Salomon places Indians as corps of
observation on, 142, 144;

Grand Saline (Okla.): 112, 131, footnote , 139

Grayson County (Texas): 190

Great Father: 46, footnote , 240-241, footnote , 272-273,
_footnote_

Greene, Francis Vinton: work cited, 14, footnote

Greenleaf Prairie (Okla.): 272

Greeno, H.S: 136, 137

Greenwood, A.B: 222, footnote

Guerrillas: Indian approved by Pike, 22 and footnote , 112; not
present in Sherman's march, 44; Halleck interested in suppression of,
101; operations checked by Hindman in Indian Territory, 194; Quantrill
and, raid Black Bob lands and Olathe, 205; policy of Confederate
government towards, 205, footnote ; attacks disturb Shawnees,
236, footnote ; raid Cherokee refugee camp on Drywood Creek,
213-214; everywhere on Indian frontier, 260; perpetrate Baxter
Springs Massacre, 304; are recruiting stations in certain counties of
Missouri, 304, footnote


Hadley, Jeremiah: 236, footnote

Halleck, Henry W: in command of Department of Missouri, 27; plans for
Denver, 71; disparaging remarks, 75, footnote ; probable reason
for objecting to use of Indians in war, 75, footnote ; in
charge of Department of Mississippi, 96; Lincoln's estimate of, 96;
instructed regarding First Indian Expedition, 100; opposed to arming
Indians, 101; interested in suppression of jayhawkers and guerrillas,
101; well rid of Kansas, 106, footnote ; disregard of orders
respecting Indian Expedition, 109; calls for men, 259

Hallum, John: work cited, 149, footnote

Halpine, Charles G: 96

Hanly, Thomas B: 176

Hardin, Captain: 276, footnote

Harlan, David M: 232, footnote

Harlan, James: 214 and footnote

Harper's Ferry Investigating Committee: 226-227

Harrell, J.M: work cited in _footnotes_ on pages 23, 149, 188,
190, 194, 249, 251, 284, 289

Harris, Cyrus: 63, footnote

Harris, John: 207, footnote

Harris, J.D: 152

Harrison, J.E: 267, footnote

Harrison, LaRue: 259

Harrisonville (Mo.): 55

Hart's Company: 266, footnote

Hart's Spies: 153

Hay, John: work cited in _footnotes_ on pages 41, 45, 96

Hebert, Louis: 34

Helena (Ark.): 283

Henning, B.S: 207, footnote

Herndon, W.H: 214, footnote

Herron, Francis J: 249, 260

Heth, Henry: 19

Hindman, Thomas C: 119, footnote ; appointment, 127,
_footnote_; assumes command of Trans-Mississippi District, 128,
186; disparagement of Pike's command, 128, footnote ; orders
Pike's white auxiliary to move to Little Rock, 147; begins controversy
with Pike, 156; starts new attack upon Pike, 161; justification for
treatment of Pike, 162; impossible to be reconciled to Pike, 163;
withdraws approval of Pike's resignation, 169; placed in charge of
District of Arkansas, 192; appears in Tahlequah, 193; summoned by
Holmes, 194; instructed to let Pike go free, 200; resorts to save
expense, 247; recall demanded by Arkansas delegation, 270; associates
appraised by, 270, footnote ; asks for assignment to Indian
Territory, 270, footnote ; feeds indigents at cost of army
commissary, 307

Hitchcock, E.A: 98, footnote

Ho-go-bo-foh-yah: 82

Holmes, Theophilus H: 127, footnote , 166, footnote ;
appointed to command of Trans-Mississippi Department, 187; develops
prejudice against Pike, 188; grants Pike leave of absence, 190; real
reasons for unfriendliness to Pike, 198-199; orders arrest of Pike,
199; forced to concede Indian claim to some consideration, 200;
command placed under supervision of Kirby Smith, 269; relations with
Hindman, 269; displacement demanded by Arkansas delegation, 270; Price
commands in District of Arkansas during illness, 299, footnote ;
not friend of Steele, 311

Honey Springs (Ark.): 288

Horse Creek (Mo.): 145

Horton, Albert W: 230, footnote

Hoseca X Maria: 65, footnote

Hubbard, David: 172, footnote

Hudson's Crossing (Okla.): 126, 143

Humboldt (Kans.): 69, 79; proposed headquarters of Neosho Agency, 52;
sacked and burnt by marauders, 53; Coffin's account of burning of, 54,
_footnote_; Kansas Seventh ordered to give relief to refugees,
82, footnote ; Kansas Tenth at, 82, footnote ; Jennison
with First Kansas Cavalry at, 99, footnote

Hunter, David: falls back upon Sedalia and Rolla, 13, 26; in command
of Department of Kansas, 27, 65-66; Lane places men at disposal, 41,
_footnote_; guards White House, 45, footnote ; appointment
distasteful to Lane, 66-69; stationed at Fort Leavenworth, 69,
_footnote_; orders relief of refugees, 73, footnote ;
issues passes to Indian delegation, 73, footnote ; interviewed
at Planter's House in St. Louis, 74, footnote ; friction between
Lane and, 74-76; suggests mustering in of Kansas Indians,
74-75, footnote ; Halleck's strictures upon command, 75,
_footnote_; sends relief to refugees, 81; warns that army
supplies to refugees must cease, 83; relieved from command, 96;
troubles mostly due to local politics, 97

Hutchinson, C.C: 55, footnote , 212, 213, footnote


Illinois Creek: battle of, 218, footnote

Illinois River: 28, 312

Indian Alliance with Confederacy: conditioned by stress of

circumstances, 134; Creeks and Choctaws disgusted with, 254; Cherokee
National Council revokes, 256; Indians fear mistake, 273-274; effect
of Battle of Honey Springs upon, 290; strengthened by formation of
Indian league, 317; revitalized by Maxey's reforms, 326

Indian Confederacy: formed by Choctaws, Chickasaws, Creeks, Seminoles
and Caddoes, 317; Choctaws want separate from Southern, 321,
_footnote_

Indian Brigade: formed, 144; scouting of component parts of, 145-146;
white troops ordered to support of, 192-193; Phillips given command,
249; integral parts, 249, 250, footnote ; assigned service, 250;
regarded by Phillips as in sad state, 251

Indian Delegation: 62, footnote , 73, footnote , 74,
_footnote_; Dole interviewed in Leavenworth, 94; Osage wants
conference with Great Father, 240, footnote ; Creek, confers
with Steele, 262, footnote ; Davis disregards, 318 and
_footnote_

Indian Home Guards: _Fifth Regiment_, 219 and footnote ;
_First Regiment_, Furnas, colonel commanding, 107, 143; muster
roll, 108-109, footnote ; composed of Creeks and Seminoles,
114; ordered to take position in vicinity of Vann's Ford, 144;
demoralization, 145; component part of Phillips's Indian Brigade, 249;
composed mainly of Creeks, 251; fought dismounted at Honey Springs,
288; _Fourth Regiment_, 219 and footnote ; _Second
Regiment_, 125; _Third Regiment_, formation, 132; Phillips
commissioned colonel of, 132; detachment at Fort Gibson, 144;
engagement, 163-164, 194, 197; component part of Phillips's Indian
Brigade, 249; largely Cherokee in composition, 252; innovations
introduced into, 252; part placed at Scullyville, 325

Indian Protectorate: 175

Indian Indigents: 247, 262, 307-308 and footnote

Indian Refugees: Opoeth-le-yo-ho-la and his men, 79; numbers justified
use of Indian soldiery, 79; numbers exaggerated, 81, 209 and
_footnote_; destitution, 81; Dr. Campbell ministers to needs,
81-82; Seventh Kansas gives relief, 82, footnote ; Coffin
describes pitiable state, 82 and footnote ; Snow furnishes
details of destitution of Seminole, 83, footnote ; army supplies
to be discontinued, 83; Kile made special distributing agent, 84;
much-diseased, 85; hominy, chief food, 85, footnote ; Neosho
Valley selected as suitable place for, 86; complain of treatment,
87; Collamore and Jones investigate condition, 87, footnote ;
unwilling to remove to Sac and Fox reservation, 88 and
_footnote_; Creek request appointment of Carruth as agent,
89; manifest confidence in Lane's power, 94; unassuaged grief, 95;
subsistence becomes matter of serious moment, 99; Congress applies
Indian annuity money to support of, 99; want to assist in recovery of
Indian Territory, 99; to furnish troops for First Indian Expedition,
100; Halleck opposed to arming of, 101; Blunt advises early return to
own country, 136; numbers increase as result of Salomon's retrograde
movement, 146, footnote , 203; Blunt promises to restore to
homes, 196, 203; of Neosho Agency, 204-207 and _footnotes_; Creek
offered home by Osages, 207 and footnote ; conditions among,
208; Cherokee on Drywood Creek, 209; distributed over Sac and Fox
Agency,

212-213; collect on Neutral Lands, 213 and footnote ; camp of
Cherokee raided by guerrillas, 213-214; Harland and Proctor to look
out for, at Neosho, 214; claim of Sacs and Foxes against Creek, 235,
_footnote_; Phillips's reasons for returning to homes, 258; at
Neosho returned to homes, 273 and footnote ; cattle stolen, 274,
_footnote_; on return journey preyed upon by compatriots, 332

Indian Representation in Confederate Congress: 180, 279, 298-299,
_footnote_

Indian Soldiers (Confederate): as Home Guard, 23-24; as possible
guerrillas to prey upon Kansas, 23 and footnote ; as corps of
observation, 25; refuse to move until paid, 27; conduct at Battle of
Pea Ridge, 30-33; not included in Van Dorn's scheme of things, 35; Van
Dorn orders return to own country, 35; order to cut off supplies from
Missouri and Kansas, 35-36; may be rewarded by Pike, 36; Pike's report
on activity, 112; Hindman's appraisement, 128, footnote ; stigma
attaching to use, 148, footnote ; organized in military way for
own protection, 159; do scouting, 163; Smith to raise and command
certain, 173, footnote ; Pike to receive five companies from
Seminoles, 173, footnote ; Leeper to enlist from Reserve tribes,
173-174, footnote ; Cooper calls from all Indian nations, 174,
_footnote_; as Home Guard, 189; privations and desertions, 200;
threw away guns at Battle of Honey Springs, 288; recruiting, 317, 319;
results under best conditions, 326-327; consider reenlistment, 328;
recognition of services, 330

Indian Soldiers (Federal): feasibility of, 50, 57; Fremont and
Robinson not in favor of, 57; Hunter suggests making, out of Kansas
tribes, 74-75, footnote ; Stanton refuses to employ, 76 and
_footnote_; use justified, 79; economy, 99; to form larger part
of First Indian Expedition, 100; Halleck opposed to, 101, 102;
Dole instructs officers to report at Fort Leavenworth, 102,
_footnote_; necessary equipment, 109; final preparations, 121;
appearance, 123 and footnote ; excellent for scouting, 125; at
Locust Grove, 131, footnote ; accused of outrages committed by
white men, 135, footnote ; do scouting, 163; tribute of praise
for, 195, footnote ; made part of Army of Frontier, 196;
diverted to service in Missouri, 196; desertions, 203 and
_footnote_; do well at Cane Hill and Prairie Grove, 218-219;
disposed to take leave of absence, 252; to help secure Indian
Territory, 294; negro regiment compared with Indian, 295

Indian Springs (Ga.): treaty, 255, footnote

Indian Territory: McCulloch expected to secure, 15; included within
Trans-Mississippi District, 20; troops of, 25; Pike to endeavour to
maintain, 36; attack, from, expected, 48; Fremont calls for aid, 48;
situation delicate, 59-60; left destitute of protection, 60; Hunter's
suggestion, 75, footnote ; first refugees from, 79; "home," 93;
early return promised, 94; expeditions to recover, projected, 95 and
_footnote_; refugees want to recover, 99; Stand Watie returns
into, 113; Carruth and Martin to take note of conditions in, 122 and
_footnote_; Pike's force for defence of, exclusively, 129; Indian
Brigade holding its own there, 146; Pike's Indian force ordered to
northern

border, 148; Pike attempts justification of retirement to southern
part, 151; Pike declares Indian officers peers of white, 158-159;
defence regarded by Pike as chief duty, 159; strategic importance not
unappreciated by Confederate government, 171; attached for judicial
purposes to western district of Arkansas, 177; Confederate government
fails to carry out promise, 177, footnote ; Pike advises
complete separation of, 179; Scott to investigate conditions in, 181;
Pike returns to, 190; included within District of Arkansas, 192;
guerrilla warfare in, suppressed, 194; Federals in undisputed
possession of, 198; Holmes exploiting, 199; Indian alliance valuable,
201; Absentee Shawnees expelled from, 205, footnote ; Blunt
advises speedy return of refugees, 209; Confederates plan recovery,
218; Lane introduces resolution for adding, to Kansas, 223; Dole
objects to regular territorial form of government in, 223; Kansas
tribes willing to exchange lands for homes in, 227; project for
concentration of tribes in, 230, footnote ; negotiations for
removal of Kansas tribes to, 231; depletion of resources, 245, 247;
organized as separate military command, 245 and footnote ;
troops to be all unmounted, 247; advertised as lost to Confederate
cause, 250; conception of responsibility to, 253; Phillips's plans
for recovery not at present practicable, 257; strategic importance
unappreciated by Halleck and Curtis, 259; Curtis to take consequences
of giving up 259; privilege of writ of _habeas corpus_ suspended
in, 269; Hindman asks for assignment to, 270, footnote ; is mere
buffer, 276; Cooper poses as friend of, 278, 300; Creeks complaint to
Davis, 279; Confederate operations confined to attacks upon supply
trains, 283; removal of all Kansas Indians to, 294; roads and
highways in, 295-296, footnote ; necessary to Confederacy, 298,
_footnote_; Scott enters, 300; command devolved upon Cooper, 303;
made distinct from Arkansas, 303; Magruder wants attached to District
of Texas, 306, footnote ; war measures applied to, 308-309;
Maxey in command of, 311; Indian Home Guards only Federal forces
in, 312; granary of Trans-Mississippi Department, 315; Boudinot's
suggestions regarding, 317, footnote ; council requests be made
separate department, 318; Davis objects, 318-319; included within
restored Department of Kansas, 321; Phillips starts upon expedition
through, 322; Price asks for loan of troops from, 326; strategic
importance of, 331; scandalous performances in, 333

Indian Trust Funds: 173-174

Indians of Plains: regarding alliance with, 320, 335; harass Kansas
and Colorado, 320 and footnote , 335

Interior Department: 73, footnote , 105 and footnote ;
profiteering among employees, 208; Lane and Wilder make request, 230,
_footnote_

Inter-tribal Council: at Leroy, 62-69, _footnotes_; Lane's plans
for at headquarters, 69; Leroy selected as the place for, 69;
sessions of, 69-70; Hunter's plans for, at Fort Leavenworth, 70,
74, footnote ; Lane orders transfer to Fort Scott, 74,
_footnote_; at Belmont, 237, footnote ; at Armstrong
Academy, 317, 320, 323

Iola (Kans.): 88, footnote ; Doubleday concentrates near, 120,
_footnote_; Osages advance as far as, 207 footnote

Ionies: 274, footnote

Iowas: 77, footnote

Ironeyes: 115, footnote

Iroquois: 79


Jackson, Claiborne: 16, 17, 50, footnote

Jackson County (Mo.): 304, footnote

Jacksonport (Ark.): 25

Jan-neh: 109, footnote

Jayhawkers: 41, footnote , 97, 101, 251, 266, 268,
_footnote_, 269, 273, footnote

Jayhawking Expedition: 73, footnote 274, footnote

Jennison, C.R: 50, footnote , 52, footnote 99,
_footnote_, 104, footnote

Jewell, Lewis R: 131

Jim Ned: 274, footnote

Jim Pockmark: 65, footnote

John Jumper: in command of Creek and Seminole Battalion, 25; on side
of Confederacy, 62, footnote ; ordered to take Fort Larned, 112;
Seminole Battalion in motion toward Salt Plains, 152; honour conferred
upon, by Provisional Congress, 174, footnote ; renegade members
from Seminole Battalion of, involved in tragedy at Wichita Agency,
183; loyal to Pike, 200; member of delegation to Davis, 318,
_footnote_; Phillips sends communication to, 323, footnote

John Ross _Papers_: work cited, 28, footnote

Johnson and Grimes: 308, footnote

Johnson, F: 207 and footnote , 211

Johnson, Robert W: 24, footnote , 25, footnote , 175, 176

Johnson County (Kans.): 204, 235, footnote

Johnston, Albert Sidney: 14, footnote , 19 and footnote ,
26

Joint Committee on Conduct of War: 33, 33, footnote

Jones, Evan: 64, footnote , 73, footnote ; investigates
conditions among refugees, 87, footnote ; accompanies Weer, 121;
entrusted with confidential message to John Ross, 121-122; pleads for
justice to Indians, 225 and footnote ; offers to negotiate about
Neutral Lands, 231

Jones, J.T: 213, footnote

Jones, Robert M: 180 and footnote

Jon-neh: 108, footnote

Jordan, A.M: 214, footnote

Jordan, Thomas: 128, footnote

Journal of the Confederate Congress: work cited in _footnotes_ on
pages 172, 173, 174, 175, 278

Judson, William R: 134; in charge of Second Brigade of First Indian
Expedition, 125


Kansans: fighting methods, 17, 44; implacable and dreaded foes of
Missouri, 18; fears attack from direction of Indian Territory, 48;
profiteering among, 208; covet Indian lands, 221, 224

Kansas: Indians on predatory expeditions into, 23; Indians to form
battalion, 23, footnote ; Indians to cut off supplies from,
35-36; bill for admission signed by Buchanan, 41; exposed to danger,
45; troops called to Missouri, 48; Price has no immediate intention of
invading, 52; Indian enlistment, 57; likely to be menaced by Southern
Indians, 61; Territory, 70; refugees afflicted sorely, 93; desire to
recover Indian Territory, 95; Halpine makes derogatory remarks about,
96; not desired in Halleck's command, 96, footnote ; revolution
to have been expected, 104, footnote ; Pike's Indians to
repel invasion of Indian Territory from, 148; Pike tries to prevent
cattle-driving to, 173, footnote ; failure of corn crop in
southern part, 209; people want refugees removed from southern, 212;
refugees

plundering in, 218; resolution for extending southern boundary,
223; proposition to confederate tribes of Nebraska and of, 227;
negotiations begun to relieve, of Indian encumbrance, 228; project
to concentrate tribes of, in Indian Territory, 230, footnote ;
negotiations with tribes of, 231; political squabbles, 249,
_footnote_; Wells's command on western frontier, 267,
_footnote_; stolen property brought into, 273, footnote ;
Steele plans to invade, 286; advisability of making raid considered,
320; Stand Watie contemplates an invasion, 332 Kansas Brigade: _See
Lane's Kansas Brigade_ Kansas Legislature: 42, 71, footnote ,
225 Kansas Militia: 50, footnote Kansas River: 206 Kansas
Seventh: 82, footnote Kansas-Nebraska Bill: 17, 44 Kansas
Tenth: 82, footnote Kaws: 226, 236 and footnote Kaw
Agency (Kans.): 55, 205 Kechees (Keeches?): 115, footnote
Ke-Had-A-Wah: 65, footnote Keith, O.B: 230 Ketchum, W. Scott:
119, footnote Kickapoos: reported almost unanimously loyal
to U.S, 66, footnote ; in First Indian Expedition, 115,
_footnote_; implicated in tragedy at Wichita Agency, 183;
fraudulent negotiation with, 230 and footnote ; confer with
Carruth, 274, footnote Kile, William: special agent
to refugees, 84; refuses appointment as quartermaster, 115,
_footnote_; misunderstanding with Ritchie, 115, footnote ;
estrangement between Coffin and, 208 and footnote ; resignation,
208, footnote ; advises speedy return of refugees, 209
Killebrew, James: 50, footnote King, John: 269, footnote
Kininola: 65, footnote Kiowas: 112; select home on Elk Creek,
153; friendly, 153, footnote ; confer with Carruth, 274,
_footnote_ Knights of Golden Circle: 111, footnote


Lane, H.S: 146, footnote Lane, James Henry: character, 41, 56;
enthusiasm, 41, 49; influence with Lincoln, 41-42; elected senator
from Kansas, 42; accepts colonelcy and begins recruiting, 43; not to
be taken as type, 45; redoubles efforts for organizing brigade, 49;
empowered to recruit, 50; conceives idea of utilizing Indians, 50, 57;
abandons Fort Scott, 52; throws up breastworks at Fort Lincoln, 52;
proceeds to seek revenge in spite of Robinson's opposition, 55; burns
Osceola, 55; attitude towards slavery, 56; suggests re-organization
of military districts on frontier, 58; disconcerted by appointment of
Hunter, 66-69; plans for inter-tribal council, 69; Denver had measured
swords with, 70; control over Federal patronage in Kansas, 71;
nominated brigadier-general, 71; friction between Hunter and, 74-76;
instructed by anti-Coffin conspirators, 88, footnote ; protests
to Lincoln against appointment of Denver, 97; succeeds in preventing
appointment of Denver, 98; responsible for Blunt's promotion, 107,
_footnote_; Phillips appointed on staff, 126, footnote ;
endorses request of Agent Johnson, 207, footnote ; introduces
resolution for extending southern boundary of Kansas, 223; denounces
Stevens as defaulter, 226, footnote ; opposed to Gamble,
Schofield, and Curtis, 249, footnote ; belongs to party of

_Extremists_, 305, footnote ; requests that Blunt be
summoned to Washington for conference, 322, footnote

Lane, W.P: 266, footnote

Lane's Kansas Brigade: 41, 43, 49, 51, 58, 59, 71; relation to
Hunter's command, 72 and footnote ; marauding committed, 75,
_footnote_; prospective Indian element dispensed with, 77

Lawler, J.J: 204, footnote

Lawrence (Kans.): 62, footnote , 73, footnote ;
Quantrill's raid upon, 238, footnote ; Dole detained by raid
upon, 239

Lawrenceburg (Ind.): 43, footnote

Lawrence _Republican_: 58, footnote

Leased District (Okla.): 181-182, 198

Leavenworth _Daily Conservative_: 58, footnote

Lee, Robert E: 186, footnote , 187

Lee, R.W: 307, footnote

Leeper, Matthew: authorized to enlist men, 173, footnote ;
departs for Texas, 183; murder, 183

Leetown (Ark.): 30, 31

Leroy (Kans.): 86, 229, 239 and footnote ; arrangements for
keeping cattle, 54, footnote ; Lane builds stockades, 55;
council held by Cutler at, 62, footnote ; substituted for
Humboldt as place for council, 69; sessions of council, 69-70; Indian
Brigade left, for Humboldt, 115, footnote ; Weer returns to,
121; some Quapaws at, 204, footnote ; Osages at, 207; Blunt
thinks refugees not properly cared for, 215; Dole negotiates with
Osages at, 239 and footnote

Lexington (Mo.): 52, footnote , 55

Limestone Gap: 111, footnote

Limestone Prairie: 328

Lincoln, Abraham: 71, 72 and footnote , 211, footnote ;
suggests Hunter's falling back, 13; calls for volunteers, 41;
approached by Phelps and Blair, 49; popularity asserted, 54,
_footnote_; fears Fremont's supineness, 56; Lane urged to seek
interview with, 58; appointment of Cameron mistake, 60; attention
solicited by Dole, 61; sickness in family, 76, footnote ;
refugees appeal to, 87 and footnote ; estimate of Halleck, 96;
protests to, against appointment of Denver, 97; wires Halleck to defer
assignment of Denver, 97-98; responsible for Blunt's promotion,
107, footnote ; Ross to intercede with, 192, footnote ;
inquires into practicability of occupying Cherokee country, 216;
selects Schofield to succeed Curtis, 260; Amnesty Proclamation
distributed among Indians, 322

Lindsay's Prairie: 216

Linn County (Kans.): 101, footnote

Lipans: 274, footnote

Little Arkansas River: 275, footnote

Little Bear: 240, footnote

Little Bear Band of Osages: 238, footnote

Little Blue River (Okla.): 151, footnote

Little Boggy (Okla.): 112

Little Osage River: 45, 52

Little Rock (Ark.): 36, 63, footnote , 190; Van Dorn assumes
command at, 25; Hindman assumes command at, 128; Hindman orders Pike
to move part of forces to, 147; Scott endeavours to interview Holmes
in, 299

Livermore, William Roscoe: work cited in _footnotes_ on 260, 269,
270

Locust Grove (Okla.): skirmish at, 33, 131-132; Clarkson's commissary
captured at, 138; defeat of Confederates at, counted heavily against
Pike, 161

Lo-ka-la-chi-ha-go: 109, footnote

Lo-ga-po-koh: 109, footnote

Long Tiger: 103, footnote

Longtown Creek (Okla.): 295, footnote

Louisiana: portion included within Trans-Mississippi District,
20; requisition upon, for troops, 25; portion included within
Trans-Mississippi Department, 192 and footnote ; western,
detached from Trans-Mississippi Department, 246

Love, William DeLoss: work cited in _footnotes_ on pages 118, 138

Lower Creeks: 62, footnote

Lyon, Nathaniel: work to be repeated, 14; insight into Indian
character, 48; death, 49


McClellan, George B: 13, 75, footnote , 96

McClish, Fraser: 62, footnote

McCulloch, Ben: refuses to cooeperate with Price, 14, 56; takes
position in Arkansas, 15; relations with leading Confederates
in Arkansas and Missouri, 16; little in common with Price, 17;
indifference towards Missouri, 18; proceeds to Richmond to discuss
matters in controversy, 19; driven back into northwestern Arkansas,
26; death, 31, 34; had approved of using Indians against Kansas,
31, footnote ; commission from, found on John Matthews, 54,
_footnote_; had diverted Pike's supplies, 147-148

McCulloch, Henry E: in command of Northern Sub-district of Texas, 302;
opinion of conditions in Indian Territory, 306, footnote

McCurtain, J: 312, footnote

McDaniel, James: 231, footnote

McDonald, Hugh: 173, footnote

McGee's Residence: 47, footnote

McIntosh, Chilly: 25, 62, footnote , 152

McIntosh, D.N: colonel in command of First Creek Regiment, 25; arrives
at Camp Stephens, 32; under orders to advance up Verdigris toward
Santa Fe road, 152; conduct as commander, 285, footnote ;
commanded First and Second Creek at Honey Springs, 288

McIntosh, James: 29, footnote ; death, 31, 34; defeated
Opoeth-le-yo-ho-la in Battle of Chustenahlah, 79

McIntosh, Unee: 62, footnote

McIntosh, William: 255, footnote

Mackey's Salt Works (Okla.): 325

McNeil, John: 297 and footnote , 305

Magazine Mountains: 266, footnote

Magruder, John Bankhead: to command Trans-Mississippi Department,
186; delay, 186, footnote ; appointment, rescinded, 187; orders
Bankhead to Steele's assistance, 291-292; proposes consolidation of
commands for recovery of Forts Smith and Gibson, 302; tries to deprive
Steele of white force, 306, 311, footnote ; wants Indian
Territory attached to Texas, 306, footnote

Manypenny, George W: 221

Marmaduke, John S: 251, 327

Marston, B.W: 329, footnote

Marque and Reprisal Law: 21

Martial Law: 162 and footnote

Martin, George W: work cited, 59, footnote

Martin, H.W: entrusted with mission by Coffin, 122 and
_footnote_, 133; opinion regarding refugees, 209, 217-218;
arrangements for inter-tribal council, 273, footnote

Martin's Regiment: 308, footnote

Marysville (Okla.): 112

Matthews, John: incensing Osages and Cherokees against U.S.
government, 47, footnote ; death, 53 and footnote ; had
commission from McCuIloch, 54, footnote

Maxey, Samuel B: assigned to command of Indian Territory, 311; project
for sweeping reforms, 315 and footnote ; delivers address at
Armstrong Academy council, 320

and footnote ; thinks Indians best adapted for irregular
warfare, 326; cooeperates with Price willingly, 326-327; rulings,
329-330, footnote ; sets up printing-press for propaganda work,
330; speaks in own defense, 334; superseded by Cooper, 334

Maysville (Ark.): 131, 197

Maremec River (Mo.): 27

Methodist Episcopal Church South: 236, footnote

Mexican War: 70; Roane's conduct in, criticised by Pike, 149

Mexico: Lane in, 42, footnote ; teams hauling cotton to, 266,
_footnote_

Miamies: 77, footnote

Mico Hatki: 62, footnote , 64, footnote , 108,
_footnote_, 234

Middle Boggy (Okla.): 152, 296

Miles, W. Porcher: 278, footnote

Mills, James K.: 113

Mississippi River: 14, footnote , 26, footnote , 34, 268,
_footnote_

Missouri: 17, 173, footnote ; decisive result of Battle of
Pea Ridge, 13; expected Confederacy to force situation for her, 18;
requisition upon, for troops, 25; relief planned by Van Dorn, 26, 34;
Indians to cut off supplies from, 35; fight for, on border, 43-44;
troops from Kansas called to, 48; Denver served in, 70; activity
of secessionists, 110; Payton, senator from, 176, footnote ;
Hindman and others plan to reenter southwest, 194, 218; Delaware
Reservation not far distant from, 206; Martin refuses to consider
refugees living upon impoverished people of, 217-218; political
squabbles in, 249, footnote ; Watie succeeds in entering
southwestern, 312; Boudinot suggests arrangements for, 317,
_footnote_

Missouri Commandery: work cited, 148, footnote

Missouri River: 53

Missouri State Guard: 17, 158

Missouri State Guards: Eighth Division, 130, footnote

Missourians: customary fighting methods during period of border
warfare, 17, 44; refugee, in Lane's Kansas Brigade, 51; inroads
resented by various tribes, 77, footnote ; intent upon ignoring
First Indian Expedition, 119, footnote ; battalion of, at Locust
Grove, 131

Mitchell, Robert B: appointment by Robinson, 46, footnote ;
raises volunteers to go against Indians, 46, footnote ; needed
by Halleck, 101 and footnote

Mix, Charles E: 52, footnote , 60, 208, footnote

"Moderates": 304, footnote

Mograin, Charles: 207, footnote , 241, footnote

Moneka: 46, footnote

Montgomery, James: 15 and footnote , 45, 53, footnote

Moonlight, Thomas: 322

Moore, Charles: 206, footnote

Moore, Frank: work cited in _footnotes_ on pages 83, 84, 135,
184, 257, 287

Moore, Thomas O: 192, footnote

Moravian Mission: 194

Morgan, A.S: 291, footnote , 293

Morton, Oliver P: 43 and footnote

Moty Kennard: _footnotes_ on pages 62, 65, 262, 278, 302, 320

Mundy Durant: 235, footnote

Munsees: 212

Muskogee (Okla.): 288

Murrow, J.S: 162, footnote


Napier's _Peninsular War_: Pike's study of, 163

Nebraska Territory: 227, 231

Neosho (Mo.): defeat of Federals at, 113; Ratliff despatched to,
127; Cherokee refugees removed from Drywood Creek to, 214, 217, 218;
refugees at, 257, footnote , 273 and footnote

Neosho Agency: headquarters, 46, 50, 52; tribes included within, 48;
in great confusion, 115-116; changes in location of, 116-117

Neosho Falls (Kans.): 213

Neosho Valley: suitable place for refugees, 86; refugees object to
leaving, 88; Steele plans to replenish resources from, 286; Stand
Watie makes daring cavalry raid into, 312

New Albany: 80, footnote

New England Relief Society: 87, footnote

New Mexico: 61, 113, 152, 238, footnote

Newton, Robert C: 266, footnote

Newton County (Mo.): 47, footnote

Newtonia (Mo.): battle of, 194-195 and _footnotes_

New York Indian Lands: 79; intruded upon by white squatters, 80, 85;
refugees upon, 79, 85; controversy over, 85, footnote ; Dole
makes treaty concerning, 235-236

New York _Tribune_: 31, footnote , 126, footnote ,
226

Nicolay, John G: 42, footnote

Nineteenth Regiment of Arkansas Volunteers: 150, footnote

Ninth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry: 119, footnote ; Frederick
Salomon, colonel, 118; part attached to First Brigade of First Indian
Expedition, 126

North, The: 42, footnote , 171, 245; indifference towards West,
43; reconstruction measures in favor of, 228; Indian Territory came
too late into reckonings of, 250

North Fork of the Canadian (Okla.): 173, footnote

North Fork Village (Okla.): 173, footnote

Northern Sub-District of Texas: 286, 302


Ock-tah-har-sas Harjo: 228, footnote ; elected principal chief
by refugee Creeks, 89; addresses "Our Father," 233

Office of Indian Affairs: prompt action needed, 47, footnote ;
approval sought, 52; appeal to War Department for restoration of
military force in Indian Territory, 60; Carruth, special agent of,
accompanies First Indian Expedition, 122 and footnote ;
agents ignored by military men of First Indian Expedition, 133 and
_footnote_; profiteering among employees, 208; Wattles sent out
by, 226; not yet prepared to treat with John Ross for retrocession of
Neutral Lands, 231

Oh-Chen-Yah-Hoe-Lah: 69, footnote

Oke-Tah-hah-shah-haw Choe: talk, 66, footnote

Olathe (Kans.): 205

Old George: 203

Oldham, Williamson S: 157 and footnote , 176, footnote

Opoeth-le-yo-ho-la: 24, 63, footnote , 73, footnote ,
76 and footnote , 79; defeated by McIntosh in Battle of
Chustenahlah, 79; lodges complaint against Coffin, 87; friends oppose
election of Ock-tah-har-sas Harjo as principal chief, 89; interviews
Lane, 94; Coffin talks with, on subject of Indian Expedition, 102-103,
_footnote_; wants "wagons that shoot," 117; Creeks under, offered
home by Osages, 207 and footnote , 229; Ellithorpe complains of,
219, footnote ; death, 234

Osage County (Kans.): 80

Osage Nation: 47, footnote

Osage Reservation (Kans.): exposed condition of, 55; refugees cross,
79; intruders upon, 222 and footnote ; owners unwilling to cede
part of, 229-230

Osage River: 27

Osages: 252; bad white men interfering with, 46; disturbances

among, 46, footnote , 47, footnote ; Mitchell schemes to
negotiate treaty with, 47, footnote ; offer assistance to
U.S., 49; John Matthews, trader among, 53, footnote ; loyalty
asserted, 54, footnote ; Coffin to cooeperate with Elder in
negotiating with, 87-88, footnote ; attempt to persuade
enlistment for First Indian Expedition, 115, 207; approached for
cession of lands, 116, 222; abandon Confederate cause, 121;
Weer promotes enlistment of, 121; service rendered by, 207,
_footnote_; offer home to Creeks, 207 and footnote , 229,
237-238; memorialize Congress, 229; disgusted with Coffin's draft
of treaty of cession, 229; Dole makes treaty with, 235, 239 and
_footnote_; massacre of Confederate officers, 237-238,
_footnote_; council of Great and Little, 237, footnote ;
unfair advantage taken by representatives of U.S. government, 238;
terms of Dole's treaty with, 239, footnote ; makes propositions
to Dole, 240-241, footnote ; Dorn reported to have funds for,
264, footnote ; Jim Ned's band involved in serious difficulties
with, 274, footnote ; invited to inter-tribal council, 274-275,
_footnote_

Osceola (Mo.): Lane burns, 55

Ottawas: included within Sac and Fox Agency, 212; receive refugees
upon certain conditions, 212-213; extend further hospitality to
refugees, 213, footnote


Pagy, A.T: 65, footnote

Park Hill (Okla.): Pike tarries at, 28; Drew's regiment stationed near
in, footnote ; Greene sent with detachment to Tahlequah and,
136; Blunt's expeditionary force reaches, 193; Phillips has camp at,
258

Parke County (Ind.): 80, footnote

Parks, R.C: 113, footnote

Parks, Thomas J: 248, footnote

Parsons, Luke F: 285

Partisan Rangers: authorized by Confederate government, 112; W.P.
Lane's company of Texas, 266, footnote

Paschal Fish: 205, footnote , 236, footnote

Pascofa: 62, footnote

Patton, James: 47, footnote

Pawnee Fork: 112

"Paw Paws": 304, footnote

Payton, R.L.Y: 176, footnote

Pea-o-pop-i-cult: 65, footnote

Pearce, N. Bart: 16, 22, 156, 158

Pea Ridge (Ark.): 13, 29, 34, 36, 197

Pegg, Thomas: 256

Pelzer, Louis: work cited, 260, footnote

Peorias: 77, footnote

Perryville (Okla.): 112, 295-296

Pheasant Bluff (Okla.): 271, 327

Phelps, John S: 49, 199-200

Phil David: 68, footnote

Phillips, James A: 126, footnote

Phillips, William A: 126, 321; footnote ; biographical sketch,
126, footnote ; commissioned colonel of Third Indian, 132;
forces engage with those of Stand Watie, 163-164; Indians under,
fought well in Battle of Newtonia, 194, 195, footnote ;
reconnoissances, 218; orders buildings at Fort Davis destroyed, 220,
_footnote_; given command of Indian Brigade by Blunt,
249; reports Indian Brigade in sad state, 251; large view of
responsibilities to Indian Territory, 253; makes overtures to Indians,
254; expostulates against delay in attempting recovery of Indian
Territory, 257; reasons for returning refugees, 258; moves over
border, 258; communication with Fort Scott threatened, 272; continues
in charge at Fort Gibson, 305; Indian Home

Guards under, only Federal troops left in Indian Territory, 312;
undertakes extended expedition through Indian Territory, 322; gives
own interpretation to Lincoln's Amnesty Proclamation, 322-323;
differences between Blunt and, 325; removed from command at Fort
Gibson, 333; restored to command, 335

Phisterer, Frederick: work cited in _footnotes_ on pages 30, 288

Piankeshaws: 77, footnote

Pickett Papers: work cited in _footnotes_ on pages 171, 172, 175

Pike, Albert: 128; assigned to command of Department of Indian
Territory, 20; report submitted to Davis, 21; report to be found
in U.S. War Department, 21, footnote ; makes headquarters at
Cantonment Davis, 22; anxious to save Indian Territory for South,
22-23; ordered to join Van Dorn with Indians, 27; becomes ranking
officer in field, 31; criticism in New York _Tribune_, 31,
_footnote_; authorizes Indian fighting at Pea Ridge, 32; rejoins
army at Cincinnati, 35; receives orders from Maury, 36; talk with
Comanches, 65, footnote ; negotiations with Upper Creeks, 66,
_footnote_; negotiations with Seminoles, 68, footnote ;
intrenches himself at Fort McCulloch, 110; report on Indian military
activity, 112; ordered to send more important of forces to Little
Rock, 147; protests against orders of May 31 and June 17, 154-156;
objects to appointment of Pearce, 156; reports grievances to Randolph,
156; Cherokees exasperated by stay at Fort McCulloch, 159; letter
to Stand Watie, 159, footnote ; John Ross complains of, 160;
prepares resignation, 161; indites conciliatory letter to Hindman,
162-163; student of art of war, 163; publishes circular address to
Southern Indians, 165; effect of circular, 166 and footnote ;
correspondence with Davis, 167-168; arrested by Cooper, 169; entered
upon diplomatic career as agent of Confederate State Department,
171-172 and footnote ; exceeded instructions in assuming
financial obligations, 174, footnote ; considers remuneration,
175, footnote ; makes important recommendations to Davis, 179;
applies to Holmes for leave of absence, 190; resignation, 191 and
_footnote_; reenters Indian Territory, 198; rumors of conspiracy
with unionists in Texas, 199; arrested, 200; sums up grievances in
letter to Holmes, 201, Appendix; Kirby Smith attempts to reemploy for
service among Indians of Plains, 201, 335; Steele takes umbrage at
published statement, 286, footnote

"Pins": 193, 268, footnote

Planter's House: 74, footnote , 94, footnote

Pocahontas (Ark.): 25

Poison Spring (Ark.): battle of, 326-327

Pomeroy, Samuel C: 41, footnote ; elected senator from Kansas,
42; John Brown's opinion of, 42, footnote ; endorses principle
underlying Fremont's emancipation proclamation, 56-57 instructed
by anti-Coffin conspirators, 88, footnote ; protests against
appointment of Denver, 97; succeeds in preventing appointment
of Denver, 98; responsibility for Blunt's promotion, 107,
_footnote_; advocates confiscation of Cherokee Neutral Lands,
224; recommends concentration of tribes of West in Indian
Territory, 230, footnote ; in company of Dole at Leroy, 239,
_footnote_

Pontiac: 31, footnote

Portlock, E.E: 329, footnote

Poteau River (Okla.): 297, footnote

Pottawatomies: 234 and footnote , 274-275, footnote

Prairie Creek (Ark.): 216

Prairie d'Ane (Ark.): 326

Prairie Grove (Ark.): battle of, 218 and footnote , 249

Prairie Springs: 279

Price, Sterling: 16, 17, 26, 29, 52, 55, 56, 127, footnote ,
185, 317, footnote ; tries to induce Quantrill and his men to
enter regular service, 205, footnote ; Hindman's opinion
of, 270, footnote ; commands in District of Arkansas, 299,
_footnote_, 326

Prince, William E: 55, 58

Proctor, A.G: 214, 234, footnote

Provisional Congress: refuses to confirm nomination of Heth, 19;
calls for information on McCulloch-Price controversy, 19; established
precedents of good faith in Indian relations, 172; resolution
authorizing Davis to send a commissioner to Indian nations, 172,
_footnote_, 173, footnote ; work of, 173-175 and
_footnotes_; confers honour upon John Jumper, 174,
_footnote_; considerations of committees regarding Indian
superintendency, 175, 176

Pryor, Nathaniel: 145, footnote

Pryor Creek (Okla.): 142, 145


Quantrill, W.C: 45; guerrillas raid Black Bob Lands and Olathe, 205;
raid upon Lawrence, 238, footnote , 239; work scorned and
repudiated by McCulloch, 303, footnote ; perpetrates Baxter
Springs massacre, 304; movements, 304 and footnote ; Maxey feels
no repugnance for services of, 326

Quapaw Agency: 53, footnote

Quapaw Nation: 46, 50, footnote

Quapaws: 48, in First Indian Expedition, 115, footnote ; driven
into exile, 116 and footnote ; become refugees or are drawn into
ranks of Federal army, 204; some, not _bona fide_ refugees, 204,
_footnote_; no longer in Second Regiment of Indian Home Guards,
252

Quapaw Strip (Kans.): 126

Quesenbury, William: 158, 248, footnote


Rabb's Battery: 114, footnote

"Radicals": 305, footnote

Rains, James S: 125; makes Tahlequah headquarters of Eighth Division
Missouri State Guard, 130, footnote ; to attempt to reenter
southwest Missouri, 194; Cooper acts under orders from, 197; in
disgrace, 198

Randolph, J.L: 267, footnote , 309, footnote

Randolph, George W: Pike makes complaint against Hindman, 156-158;
sympathy for Pike, 168; desires to terminate Magruder's delay, 186;
suggests that Price serve as second in command under Magruder, 186,
_footnote_; reassures Pike, 187, 189; instructions to Holmes, 189

Ratliff, Robert W: 121, footnote , 127

Rector, Elias: 175, 181, footnote

Rector, H.M: 185, footnote

"Red Legs": 305, footnote

Red River: 20, 36, 248, 311, 315

Reserve Indians: 112; Pike negotiates successfully with, 173,
_footnote_; volunteers authorized, 173-174, footnote ;
disorders among, 182; uprising against and murder of Leeper undertaken
by, 182-183; Tonkawas almost exterminated by, 184; companies organized
among, 266, footnote ; fed by contract, 308, footnote

Reynolds, Thomas C: 287, footnote

Richardson, James D; work cited in _footnotes_ on pages 21, 172,
278, 322

Richardson, John M: 113

Riddle's Station (Okla.): 276, footnote 293, 295,
_footnote_

Ritchie, John: applies to Dole for new instructions, 106; appraisement
of, 106, footnote ; dilatory in movements, 114, footnote ;
disagreement with Kile, 115, footnote ; slow in putting in
appearance at Humboldt, 115; commands Second Regiment Indian Home
Guards, 115; conducts prisoners to Fort Leavenworth, 144; allows
men to run amuck at Shirley's Ford, 197; dismissal from service
recommended, 197; Phillip's ranking officer, 325

Roane, J.S: Arkansas left in care of, 128, 149; asks forces of Pike,
149; conduct in Mexican War criticised by Pike, 149, footnote ;
fights duel with Pike, 149, footnote ; character, 199; arrests
Pike, 200

Roberts, S.A: 308, footnote , 320, footnote

Robertson, W.S: 225 and footnote

Robinson, Charles: work cited in _footnotes_ on pages 15, 70,
97, 98, 226; appointment of Mitchell, 46, footnote ; opposed
to Lane's plans for revenge, 55; approves of principle underlying
Fremont's proclamation, 56-57; opposed to enlistment of Indians, 57;
seeks aid of Prince, 58; responsible for Stanton's contesting of
Lane's seat, 59, footnote ; Lane has no intention of obliging,
71, footnote ; commissions for First Indian Expedition pouring
in, 123, footnote ; calls for volunteers against guerrillas,
205, footnote ; relations with Stevens, 226, footnote

Robinson, William: 62, footnote

Rocky Creek (Clear Creek): 184, footnote

Rolla (Mo.): 13, 26

Roman, Alfred: work cited, 14, footnote , 34, footnote

Roman Catholic Mission: 87, footnote , 121, 241, footnote

Rosengarten, Joseph George: work cited, 118, footnote

Ross, John: attitude of faction of, towards proposed Confederate
military occupation of Indian Territory, 15; communicates with Pike
on movements of Cherokee troops, 28, footnote ; opposed to
secession, 63, footnote ; reported to have host ready to
do service for U.S., 66, footnote ; loyal to U.S., 74,
_footnote_; communication from Weer, 134 and footnote ,
135; reply to Weer, 135-136; submits documents justifying his own
and tribal actions, 136; receives peremptory order from Cooper, 137;
arrested by Greeno, 137; suspected of collusion with captor, 137-138,
192; addresses himself to Hindman against Pike, 160; on mission to
Washington, 192 and footnote ; formally deposed by convention
called by secessionist Cherokees, 193; receives monetary assistance,
214 and footnote ; makes personal appeal to Lincoln to enable
refugees to be returned to homes, 215-216; and associates ready to
negotiate for retrocession of Neutral Lands, 231; Gillpatrick medium
of diplomatic intercourse between, and First Indian Expedition, 271

Ross, Mrs. W.P: work cited, 111, footnote

Ross, W.W: 234, footnote

Round Grove (Okla.): 126

Russell, O.F: 152-153


Sac and Fox Agency (Kans.): 54, footnote , 114, footnote ;
suggested removal of refugees to, 212; tribes included within, 212;
Osages repair to, to confer with Dole, 238 and footnote

Sacs and Foxes of Mississippi: encounter refugees from Indian

Territory, 80; offer home to refugees, 86; reservation, 87; receive
Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws, 213; scheme of building houses for,
226 and footnote ; Dole makes treaty with, 235; claim against
Creek refugees, 235, footnote ; some Sacs confer with Carruth,
274, footnote ; invited to inter-tribal council, 274-275.
_footnote_

St. Francis River: 20

St. Joe (St. Joseph): 74, footnote , 116, 230

St Louis _Republican_: 75, footnote

Salomon, Frederick: colonel of Ninth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry,
118; in command at Fort Scott, 118; left in command at Baxter Springs
by Weer, 121; in charge of First Brigade, First Indian Expedition,
125; instructions to, with respect to Indian policy of U.S.
government, 134; deplorable equipment of troops, 138; arrests Weer,
139; gives reasons arrest, 140-142; retrograde movement of, 142, 143,
147, 203; establishes himself at Camp Quapaw, 146; ordered by Blunt to
send troops to support of Indian Brigade, 192-193

Salt Plains: 152, 153

Sam Checote: 62, footnote

Santa Fe Trail: to intercept trains on, 129, footnote , 267,
_footnote_; Creek regiment to advance toward, 152

Scales, J.A: 268, footnote , 277, footnote

Schaumburg, W.C: 305, footnote

Schoenmaker, John: 241, footnote

Schofield, John M: 106, footnote , 119, footnote , 196,
248, 249 and footnote , 260, 261, 293, 304 and footnote

Schurz, Carl: 41 and footnote , 42, footnote

Scott, S.S: acting commissioner of Indian affairs, 172,
_footnote_; remarks of, 177, footnote ; to investigate
conditions in Indian Territory, 181; hurries to Leased District,
184; asks Governor Colbert to harbor fugitive Tonkawas, 184,
_footnote_; sets out upon tour of inspection, 299; made full
commissioner, 299, footnote ; reports to Holmes concerning
neglect of Indian Territory, 300; reports to Seddon prospects for
three Indian brigades, 329

Scott, T.M: 316, footnote

Scott, W.H: 287, footnote

Scott, Winfield S: 48, 56, 69, footnote

Scott County (Ark.): 20

Scullyville (Okla.): 155, 325, and footnote

Second Brigade, First Indian Expedition: put under Judson, 125

Second Choctaw Regiment: 312, footnote

Second Indian Brigade: 327

Second Indian Expedition: Carruth and Martin act in anticipation of,
133, footnote ; Blunt making plans for, 196 and footnote ,
208, footnote ; Blunt discovers that Indians stipulate care of
families during absence, 215

Second Indiana Battery: 118, 125

Second Ohio Cavalry: 118, 119, footnote , 125-126

Second Regiment Cherokee Mounted Rifles: commanded by Stand Watie, 25;
joins Pike at Cincinnati, 28; takes position to observe enemy, 32;
guiltless of atrocities committed at Pea Ridge, 32; makes way to Camp
Stephens, 35; detail sent with ammunition to main army, 35; scouting
along northern line of Cherokee country, 112; desertions from, 145

Second Regiment Indian Home Guards: miscellaneous in composition, 114
and footnote ; men not yet mustered in, 121; fills up after
defeat of Confederates at Locust Grove, 132; Corwin takes

command of, 144; engagement at Shirley's Ford, 197; component part of
Phillips's Indian Brigade, 249; Cherokee in composition, 252; fought
dismounted at Honey Springs, 288; stationed at Mackey's Salt Works,
325

Sedalia (Mo.): 13

Seddon, James A: 270, footnote , 299, footnote , 317,
_footnote_; instructs Scott to attend meeting of council at
Armstrong Academy, 320; Scott reports prospects of forming three
Indian brigades, 329

Seminole Battalion: 152, 312, footnote

Seminole Nation: 130

Seminoles (Confederate): Murrow, agent, 162, footnote ; Pike
negotiates treaty with, 173, footnote ; agree to furnish five
companies of mounted volunteers, 173, footnote ; Creeks and,
want separate military department made of Indian Territory, 278-279;
disperse, 323

Seminoles (Federal or Unionist): Carruth teacher among, 59;
destitution of refugee, 83, footnote ; in First Regiment Indian
Home Guards, 114 and footnote ; attempt tribal reoerganization,
228

Senate Committee on Indian Affairs (Confederate): Johnson's bill, 176;
members, 176, footnote

Senecas: 48, 204 and footnote

Seneca-Shawnees: refugees, 116, 204; object to Wyandot treaty, 237,
_footnote_

Shawnee Agency (Kans.): 236, footnote

Shawnee Reserve (Kans.): 205 and footnote

Shawnees: 48; loyal to U.S., 66, footnote ; in First Indian
Expedition, 113, footnote ; from Cherokee country made refugees,
116; implicated in tragedy at Wichita Agency, 183; Neosho Agency
Indians seek refuge among, 204; are depredated upon, 204, 205,
_footnote_; Dole makes treaty with, 235

Shelby, Jo: 45, 194, 200

Sheridan, Philip H: work cited, 296, footnote

Sherman (Tex.): 190

Sherman, William T: 44

Shians (Cheyennes): 274, footnote

Shirley's Ford (Mo.): 197

Shoal Creek (Mo.): 118, 120, footnote

Shoe-Nock-Me-Koe: 68, footnote

Shreveport (La.): 303, footnote

Sigel, Franz: 29

Simms, W.E: 176, footnote

Sixth Kansas Cavalry: 249

Slavery: 298, footnote

Smith, James M.C: 173, footnote

Smith, Caleb P: 60, footnote , 61, 99; authorizes expenditure of
funds for relief of refugees, 83

Smith, John: 62, footnote

Smith, E. Kirby: 317; seeks to reemploy Pike for service among
Indians, 201, 335 and footnote ; assigned to command, 269;
approves Steele's adoption of Fabian policy, 297; reply to Stand
Watie, 297-298, footnote ; detaches command of Indian Territory
from that of Arkansas, 303; subscribes to idea of forming two Indian
brigades, 310; is stanchest of Steele's friends, 311; opposed to three
brigade plan and to promotion of Cooper implicit in it, 318; commends
work of Steele, 318; address emended by Maxey, 330; friend of
Maxey, 334; holds in abeyance orders for retirement of Maxey, 334,
_footnote_; enters into convention with Canby, 335

Smith's Mill: 28

Snead, Thomas L: work cited, 15, footnote , 296, footnote

Snow, George C: 80, footnote , 83, footnote

Soda Springs (Okla.): 291, footnote

South, The: indifference towards West, 43; love of home state, great
bulwark of, 187-188; Choctaws reported as wavering in allegiance to,
220; Indian Territory as separate military entity comes too late into
reckonings, 250

Southern Confederacy: decisive results of battle of Pea Ridge, 13;
expected by Missouri to force situation for her, 18; relation of
Indian Territory determined by treaties of alliance, 21; Pike's great
purpose to save Indian Territory for, 22-23; Weer suggests that
Cherokee Nation dissolve its alliance with, 134; management of Indian
affairs of, 149-150, 171; view of obligations towards Indians,
174, footnote ; policy with respect to guerrillas, 205,
_footnote_; Wyandots refuse to throw in lot with, 206; Kansas
politicians want to punish Indians for going over to, 224; Cherokees
repudiate alliance with, 232; Indians losing faith in, 273-274;
charged with bad faith by Cherokees, 279-281; Indian devotion to,
re-asserted, 317; Indians pledge anew loyalty to, 323

Southern Expedition: 73 and footnote

Southern Indian Regiments: 24-25

Southern Superintendency (Confederate): establishment delayed by
prolongation of Pike's mission, 175; bill for establishment of, 176

Southern Superintendency (Federal): 117, footnote

Southwest, The: 46, 70

Southwestern District of Missouri: 26-27

Southwestern Division of District of Missouri: 127

Spavinaw Creek (Okla.): 130, 138

Spavinaw Hills (Okla.): 127

Spears, John: 279

Speer, John: 43, footnote

Speight, J.W: brigade of, 246, footnote , 267, footnote

Springfield (Mo.): 26, 51

Spring, Leverett: work cited in _footnotes_ on pages 15, 52, 97

Spring River: 119, 126; Shirley's Ford on, 197

Staked Plains: 153

Stand Watie: 159, footnote ; colonel of Second Regiment Cherokee
Mounted Rifles, 25; men in poor trim and undisciplined, 28; men take
position as corps of observation, 32; makes way to Camp Stephens, 35;
scouting, 112, 127; engagements, 112, 113, 119 and footnote ;
encampment on Cowskin Prairie, 119; home of, 127; successful
skirmishing commented upon, 152; elected Principal Chief, 193;
Phillips compels, to re-cross Arkansas, 218; in command of First
Cherokee Regiment, 262, footnote ; Steele's great reliance upon,
270; cavalry raids, 272, 312; forced to retire from Cabin Creek, 285;
commanded First and Second Cherokee at Honey Springs, 288; complaints
to Kirby Smith, 297, footnote ; related to Boudinot, 300; makes
reports and appeals, 301; proposed advancement, 309; authorizes
formation of Cherokee Brigade, 309; Steele's appraisement of, 310;
skirmish at Barren Fork, 312; has command of First Indian Brigade,
327; all Cherokee military units summoned to camp on Limestone
Prairie, 328; name becomes source of terror, 331; last great raid of,
332

Stanton, Edwin M: 75, footnote , 76; refuses to countenance
use of Indians as soldiers, 76 and footnote ; efficient
administration of, 96; deprecates interference in military affairs in
Kansas, 98 and footnote

Stanton, Frederick P: 59, 72, footnote

State Department (Confederate): 171, 172, footnote

State Rights: 18

Statutes at Large of Provisional Government: work cited, 174,
_footnote_

Stearns, Frank Preston: work cited, in _footnotes_ on pages 42,
87

Steele, Frederick: in command of Department of Arkansas, 322; argues
over military status of Fort Smith, 321-322

Steele, James: special agent, 100; infers Halleck unfavorable to
Indian expedition, 101; presents credentials at arsenal at Fort
Leavenworth, 101; Sac and Fox chiefs willing to abide by decision,
235, footnote

Steele, William: 247; to report to Holmes for duty, 245,
_footnote_; preferred to Cooper, 246; sends most of troops in
direction of Red River, 248; takes large view of responsibilities
to Indian Territory, 253; difficulties and embarrassments, 261-269;
appeal for loyalty to Confederate cause, 267-268, _footnote; ex
officio_ superintendent of Indian affairs, 275-276; regards Indian
Territory as buffer, 276; influences to undermine, 278; makes stand in
Creek country, 291; opposition to, 310; command in bad condition, 292;
crosses from Creek into Choctaw country, 295; journeys to Bonham
to consult with McCulloch, 302-303; command detached from that of
Arkansas, 303; size of force, 305, footnote ; work discredited
and disparaged by Cooper, 306; policy and practice in matter of
feeding indigents and refugees, 307 and footnote ; relieved of
command of Indian Territory, 311; Kirby Smith commends work, 318

Stettaner Bros: 211, footnote

Stevens, Robert S: 211, footnote , 212, 226 and footnote

Stevens, Thaddeus: 57, 60, footnote

Stidham, George W: 62, footnote , 173, footnote

Stockton's Hall: 58 and footnote

Sturgis, S.D: Lane ordered to cooeperate with, 56; placed in command
of District of Kansas, 98; policy with respect to First Indian
Expedition, 103-104; opposed to idea of Indian expedition, 104;
military despotism, 104; forbids enlistment of Indians, 105; refusal
to reinstate Weer, 117, footnote

Sugar Creek (Ark.): 30, footnote

Sumner, E.V: 260, footnote

Susquehanna River: 232


Tahlequah (Okla.): 132, 136; Rains makes headquarters, 130,
_footnote_; Hindman places white cavalry at, 192; Blunt's
expeditionary force seizes archives and treasury of Cherokee Nation,
193; Hindman appears in, 193; steamer, 263, footnote

Talliaferro (Taliaferro?), T.D: 267, footnote

Tandy Walker: supporter of Cooper, 265; recruits among Choctaws, 265;
appointment, 265, footnote ; asks for establishment of Indian
Territory as separate military department, 279; commanded Regiment
of Choctaws and Chickasaws at Honey Springs, 288; indulging in petty
graft, 306, footnote ; service of Choctaws under, in Camden
campaign, 326; has command of Second Indian Brigade, 327

Tawa Kuwus: 274, footnote

Taylor, N.G: 207, footnote

Taylor, R: 297, footnote

Taylor, Samuel M: 279

Tecumseh: 73, footnote

Te-Nah: 65, footnote

Tenth Kansas Infantry: 117, 118

Texans: assist Indians at Leetown

engagement, 31; away fighting "the cold weather people," 65,
_footnote_; circulate malicious stories about Pike, 160,
_footnote_; disposition towards self-sacrifice, 268; not possible
to deal with Indians arbitrarily, 326

Texas: 179; requisition upon, for troops, 25; Pike to call for troops
from, 36; way to, likely to be blocked by Southern Indians, 61; Pike
wants to be near, 151; anti-Pike reports spreading through, 169; road
from Missouri to, 173, footnote ; Oldham, senator from,
176, footnote ; rumors current that Pike is conspiring with
unionists, in, 199; detached from Trans-Mississippi Department,
245-246; cotton speculation alluring men with ready money,
248, footnote ; public feeling towards deserters, 266,
_footnote_; great commissary depot west of Mississippi, 268,
_footnote_; Bankhead becomes alarmed for safety of, 287, 292;
virtual chaos in, 303; Steele contracts for clothing in northern, 308

Thayer, John M: 324 and footnote

Thayer, William Roscoe: work cited in _footnotes_ on pages 41,
45, 96

Third Choctaw Regiment: 321

Thomas, L: 74-75, footnote , 100, 109, footnote

Throckmorton, James W: 335, footnote

Thurston's House: 54, footnote

Timiny Barnet: 62, footnote

Tishomingo (Okla.): 200

Toe-Lad-Ke: talk, 67, footnote ; signature, 69, footnote

Tonkawas: negotiations with Pike, 182; about one-half of, butchered,
184; surviving, flee to Fort Arbuckle, 184 and footnote

Toombs, Robert: 171, footnote , 173, footnote

Totten, James: 197

Trans-Mississippi Department: 128, footnote , 149, 168, 186,
187, 192, 245-246, 269, 270 and footnote , 315, 318-319

Trans-Mississippi District of Department no. 2: 14, 19, 20, 25, 127,
_footnote_, 128, footnote , 190, 191

Treaties of Alliance: 21, 23 and footnote , 173 and
_footnote_

Trench, E.B: 215, footnote

Turner, E.P: 292, footnote

Turner, John W: 83 and footnote

Tus-te-nu-ke-ema-ela: 108, footnote

Tus-te-nuk-ke: 108, footnote


Upper Creeks: 62, footnote

Usher, John P: 231, 239, footnote


Van Buren (Ark.): 162, footnote , 177

Van Dorn, Earl: 14, footnote , 20, 25, 26, 34, 35, 36;
appointment, 19; failure to credit Indians in report, 31 and
_footnote_, 148; orders Indians to harass enemy on border of
own country, 35-36, 110; telegraphic request to Davis, 127,
_footnote_, 186; diverts and appropriates Pike's supplies,
147-148 and footnote ; hopes Price will be successor, 185

Vann's Ford: 144

Vaughan, Champion: 305, footnote

Vaughn, Richard C: 218, footnote

Verdigris River: 76, 79, 80, 85, 142, 144, 145, 210-211,
_footnote_, 273, footnote ; tributary of Arkansas, 22

Verdigris Valley: 79, 85

Vernon County (Mo.): 304, footnote

Vicksburg (Miss.): 188, footnote , 259, 260, 283, 301,
_footnote_

Villard, Henry: work cited, 45, footnote

Villard, Oswald Garrison: work cited, 226, footnote

Vore, Israel G: 302 and footnote

Wakoes (Wacoes): 66, footnote ; sent out as runners, 274

Walker, L.P: 172, footnote

Walnut Creek (Kans.): 79, 85, 152, 205, footnote

Walnut Grove: 35

Walworth, E: 329, footnote

War Department (Confederate): 127, 172 and footnote , 186, 318

War Department (Federal): 60 and footnote , 73, footnote ,
76, 99, 100

Warren (Tex.): 190

Warrensburg (Mo.): 58

Washington (George): 65, footnote

Washington Territory: 232

Wattles, Augustus: 46, footnote , 54, footnote , 57,
225-228

Wattles, Stephen H: 131, footnote , 333 and footnote

Weas: 77, footnote

Webber's Falls (Okla.): 216, 255, 260, 271, 276, 287, footnote

Weed, Thurlow: work cited, 60, footnote

Weer, William: 117 and footnote , 119, 120, 121, 130, 133;
ideas on Indian relations with U.S. government, 133, footnote ;
communication with Ross, 134; proposes Cherokee Nation abolish
slavery by vote, 134, footnote ; sends out two detachments to
reconnoitre, 136; joins Campbell at Fort Gibson, 136-137; faults and
failures, 139, 140-142; arrested by Salomon, 139; Ritchie's men run
amuck and attack their comrades in brigade of, 197

Welch, O.G: 29

Wells, J.W: 267, footnote

West, The: indifference towards, 43; character of war in, 44;
character of leaders, 45; criticism of Confederate management of
Indian affairs in, 149-150; establishment of Indian superintendency
left unsettled by Provisional Government, 174-175; Price submits plan
of operations for, 186, footnote ; circumstances and
conditions concerning migrations of eastern tribes, 227; project for
concentrating tribes in Indian Territory, 230, footnote ; keep
too many men needlessly in, 259; desertions, 292 and footnote

Western Military District: 43, 47, footnote

West's Battery: 267, footnote

Whistler, W: 69, footnote

White, George E: 157, footnote

White Auxiliary (Confederate): urged by Pike, 24 and footnote ;
ordered to Little Rock, 129, 147; Kirby Smith thinks possible to
separate from Indian troops, 310

White Auxiliary (Federal): Dole's recommendation regarding, 99;
Stanton's instructions regarding, 100; not heard from, 102; orders
for, 109 and footnote ; Indians ask for evidence of
existence, 118; composition, 118; comparison with Indians, 123 and
_footnote_; brigaded with Indian Home Guards, 125; retrograde
movement, 143, 203; Blunt orders Salomon to send to support of Indian
Brigade, 192-193, 203

White Chief: 68, footnote

White Cloud: 77, footnote

White Hair: 207, footnote , 238, footnote ; principal
chief of Osages, 240, footnote

Whitney, H.C: 50, footnote , 52, footnote , 54

Wichita Agency: 64, footnote ; tragedy, 183-184; Belmont,
temporary, 274, footnote

Wichita Mountains: 153

Wigfall, Louis T: 264, footnote , 277, footnote

Wilder, A. Carter: 230, footnote , 322, footnote

Wilder, D.W: 58, footnote , 305, footnote

Willamette River: 232

Williams, James M: 284, 285

Williams, the: 327

Williamson, George: 327

Wilson, Hill P: work cited, 226, footnote

Wilson's Creek (Mo.): battle of, 34, footnote , 49

Wolcott, Edward: 83, footnote

Wolf Creek (Ark.): 135, 136, 145, 164

Wood, W.D: 218, footnote

Woodburn, James Albert: work cited, 57, footnote , 60

Woodruff's Battery: 147, 150, 154

Wright, Marcus J: work cited, 19, footnote , 187

Wyandot City (Kans.): 204, footnote

Wyandots: robbed by secessionist Indians, 206 and footnote ;
escape into Kansas, 206; want to render military service, 206,
_footnote_; Dole's abortive treaty with, 236-237, footnote

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